1) You won’t regret putting effort into this – it’s the best advice I can give you a) You’d better put some effort into this. b) You’d better not put any effort into this. 2) I fed the cat after I got back from school in the evening. I didn’t know that my sister had fed it thirty minutes earlier. a) I didn’t need to feed the cat. b) I needn’t have fed the cat. 3) When I got back from school, I saw a note on the table from my sister, saying that she had fed the cat thirty minutes earlier a) I didn’t need to feed the cat. b) I needn’t have fed the cat. 4) Helen wanted to call for a taxi but I explained to her that it was only a five-minutes’ walk. a) We didn’t need to take a taxi. b) We needn’t have taken a taxi. 5) We thought they lived far away so we took a taxi. It turned out it was only one or two kilometres away and the taxi was very expensive.  a) We didn’t need to take a taxi. b) We needn’t have taken a taxi. 6) I think it would be best if you went to the party. a) You had better not go there. b) You had better go there. 7) You didn’t ask for the exact address and now we don’t know where to go. a) You ought to have asked for the address. b) You ought not to have asked for the address 8) Never make this mistake again – it’s very important a) You ought to make this mistake again. b) You mustn’t make this mistake again. 9) It wasn’t a good idea to give him my contact details. a) I should have given them to him. b) I shouldn’t have given them to him. 10) Never make this mistake again – it’s very important. a) You ought to make this mistake again. b) You mustn’t make this mistake again. 11) You won’t regret putting effort into this – it’s the best advice I can give you. a) You’d better put some effort into this. b) You’d better not put any effort into this. 12) It would be better if you washed your hair less often a) You ought not to wash your hair so often. b) You ought to wash your hair more often. 13) I didn’t apply for that job and now I regret it. a) I ought to apply for that job. b) I should have applied for that job. 14) It’s very important that you take these symptoms seriously a) You must ignore these symptoms. b) You mustn’t ignore these symptoms. 15) She left the house early so she had a lot of time to get to the station on time. a) She didn’t need to hurry to the station b) She needn’t have hurried to the station. 16) She hurried to the station but the train was delayed and she had to wait there for two more  hours a) She didn’t need to hurry to the station. b) She needn’t have hurried to the station. 17) When we arrived at school for the first lesson, it turned out it was cancelled. a) We didn’t need to come to the first lesson. b) We needn’t have come to the first lesson. 18) The teacher told us the first lesson the next day was going to be cancelled. a) We didn’t need to come to the first lesson. b) We needn’t have come to the first lesson.

Present and past modal structures Focus

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