To find out about numbers of organisms in an environment we have to plan ____ experiments that will get us similar results if we do them again (they need to be ____. Our experiments should also be ____, which means other people should be able to do them and get similar results. Quadrats are used in environmental experiments to mark out areas where we can count or measure. We can place quadrats ____ in an area if we just want to estimate numbers for the whole region. However setting out a line ____ and placing ____ at regular intervals along it is a better way of seeing how numbers vary as the conditions change. When we analyse our results to get averages, we need to make sure we have chosen the ____ that will give us a valid answer to our original question.

Sampling methods

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