natural selection - A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits., charles darwin - English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882), selective breeding - Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms (AKA artificial selection), homologous structures - Structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same general structure. Supports idea of common ancestor., analogous structures - Similar function but different structure - does not show common ancestry - Ex: butterfly wing and bat wing), vestigial structures - A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose (ex: whale pelvis bone), survival of the fittest - Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection, embryology - Similarity in the appearance of embryos from different animal species that supports idea of common ancestor., camouflage - Many animals have evolved to exhibit some form of camouflage, which is an adaptation that allows animals to blend in with certain aspects of their environment., law of superposition - The top rock layer and its fossils is the youngest and the bottom is the oldest., evolution - Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms., speciation - A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species.,

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