1) Which of the following is responsible for producing insulin? a) Liver b) Pancreas c) Kidney d) Small intestine 2) Which of the following structures is part of the lower respiratory system? a) Trachea b) Larynx c) Pharynx d) Bronchioles 3) Which of the following is the correct method for administering a subcutaneous injection? a) Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle b) Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle c) Inject at a 15-degree angle d) Administer into a vein 4) What is the term used for the process of removing air or gas from a patient's stomach through a tube? a) Gastrostomy b) Peritoneal dialysis c) Aspiration d) Endoscopy 5) Which of the following is NOT a standard precaution in infection control? a) Hand hygiene b) Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) c) Disinfection of surfaces d) Wearing sterile gloves 6) Which of the following correctly describes the action of aldosterone in the kidneys? a) Increases the excretion of potassium and reabsorption of sodium b) Increases the excretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium c) Increases the reabsorption of sodium and water d) Decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water 7) Which of the following medications would most likely be contraindicated for a patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin)? a) Aspirin b) Paracetamol c) Furosemide d) Metoprolol 8) Which of the following is the most effective method to prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection in the healthcare setting? a) Hand washing with soap and water b) Alcohol-based hand sanitisers c) Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) alone d) Disinfecting surfaces with bleach-based products only 9) A patient with a history of chronic renal failure presents with an increase in serum creatinine levels. What is the most likely cause of this increase in creatinine? a) A decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) b) Increased hepatic protein synthesis c) A decrease in hemoglobin levels d) Increased excretion of urea by the kidneys 10) When performing a neurological assessment on a patient, which of the following findings is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? a) Tachycardia b) Dilated, non-reactive pupils c) Hypotension d) Increased respiratory rate 11) A patient declines to take prescribed medication, citing concerns about side effects. The nurse respects the patient’s autonomy but is also concerned about the patient's well-being. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a) Administer the medication regardless of the patient's consent b) Report the patient’s choice to the healthcare provider and explore the patient’s concerns c) Confront the patient about the importance of following the treatment plan d) Document the choice and do not inform the healthcare provider 12) A nurse is caring for a patient who is terminally ill and has expressed a desire for physician-assisted suicide. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the nurse's role in this situation? a) The nurse should encourage the patient to explore alternative treatment options b) The nurse must inform the patient that physician-assisted suicide is illegal and unavailable c) The nurse should document the patient’s request and refer the patient to the healthcare provider for further discussion d) The nurse should report the request to law enforcement immediately 13) A patient has a pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention? a) Apply a hydrocolloid dressing to the wound b) Perform debridement of the necrotic tissue c) Ensure the patient is repositioned frequently and assess for additional pressure areas d) Administer systemic antibiotics for infection 14) Which of the following is the most important reason for using a sterile technique when dressing a surgical wound? a) To minimize the risk of contamination and infection b) To provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the wound c) To help speed up the wound healing process d) To reduce pain associated with the dressing change 15) A nurse is caring for a patient who is on a low-sodium diet following heart surgery. Which of the following foods is most appropriate for this patient? a) Canned soup b) Fresh chicken breast c) Processed cheese d) Salted peanuts 16) Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with enteral feeding? a) Aspiration pneumonia b) Low blood glucose c) Hyperkalemia d) Hypotension 17) A nurse is caring for a patient with severe depression who expresses feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Which action should the nurse prioritize? a) Provide a quiet environment and avoid interactions with the patient b) Offer emotional support and closely monitor for suicidal behavior c) Reassure the patient that things will improve soon d) Focus solely on the physical needs of the patient 18) A patient presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath, jugular venous distention, and bilateral leg edema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a) Pulmonary embolism b) Acute myocardial infarction c) Left-sided heart failure d) Right-sided heart failure 19) When initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in an adult, which of the following is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a healthcare provider performing two-person CPR? a) 15:2 b) 30:2 c) 50:2 d) 15:1 20) What year was gold discovered in Bendigo a) 1841 b) 1851 c) 1861 d) 1871 21) In left-sided heart failure, which symptom would most likely be present? a) Peripheral odema b) Hepatomegaly c) Jugular vein distension d) Pulmonary crackles 22) Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus? a) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas c) Excessive cortisol production d) Overconsumption of carbohydrates 23) Which of the following best describes "veracity" in nursing ethics? a) Acting in the patient's best interest b) Doing no harm c) Telling the truth d) Allowing patient autonomy 24) A postoperative patient suddenly becomes short of breath, tachycardic, and hypotensive. What is the most likely cause? a) Pulmonary embolism b) Myocardial infarction c) Atelectasis d) Fluid overload 25) You are to administer 150 mg of a drug. The vial is labeled 300 mg/2 mL. How many mL will you give? a) 0.5mL b) 1mL c) 1.5mL d) 2mL 26) A patient is to receive 500 mL of dextrose 5% over 4 hours using an infusion pump. What is the rate in mL/hr? a) 100mL/hr b) 125mL/hr c) 150mL/hr d) 175mL/hr 27) Order: Paracetamol 15 mg/kg/dose. Child weighs 24 kg. How many mg should be administered per dose? a) 180mg b) 240mg c) 300mg d) 360mg 28) A patient is receiving IV fluids at 150 mL/hr. If the bag contains 1,000 mL, how many hours will it take to complete the infusion? a) 6 hours b) 6.75hrs c) 7.5 hours d) 8 hours 29) Administer 100 mL of IV antibiotic over 30 minutes using an infusion pump. What is the rate in mL/hr? a) 150 mL/hr b) 200 mL/hr c) 225 mL/hr d) 250 mL/hr 30) Order: 200 mL of Morphine Sulfate 0.5 mg/mL to be infused over 2 hours using an infusion pump. What is the infusion rate in mL/hr? a) 80 mL/hr b) 90 mL/hr c) 100 mL/hr d) 110 mL/hr

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