1) What is the relationship between globalization and the growth of international trade since the early 20th century? a) Globalization has driven a significant increase in international trade since the early 20th century, promoting faster economic growth and the expansion of global markets. b) Globalization can harm unprepared economies by increasing inequalities, causing cultural loss, and making it difficult for them to effectively integrate into the world system. 2) What role do comparative advantage theories play in explaining the specialization of countries within the context of globalization? a) Theories of comparative advantage explain that countries specialize in producing goods with lower costs, benefiting from international trade and promoting the global economy. b) Globalization can produce inequalities and economic fractures, thus requiring regulations and institutions to ensure justice and control its negative effects, preventing social and economic polarization. 3) How does globalization affect economies that are not prepared for its opening, according to the author's perspective? a) Globalization can harm unprepared economies by increasing inequalities, causing cultural loss, and making it difficult for them to effectively integrate into the world system. b) The maquiladora industry is crucial in Mexico, generating employment and foreign exchange; its integration into globalization enables access to international markets and productive specialization. 4) What is the importance of the maquiladora industry in Mexico's economy, and how is it related to the globalization process? a) The maquiladora industry is crucial in Mexico, generating employment and foreign exchange; its integration into globalization enables access to international markets and productive specialization. b) Globalization has driven a significant increase in international trade since the early 20th century, promoting faster economic growth and the expansion of global markets. 5) In what ways can globalization fracture vulnerable economies, and what mechanisms do the authors propose to regulate its effects? a) Globalization can produce inequalities and economic fractures, thus requiring regulations and institutions to ensure justice and control its negative effects, preventing social and economic polarization. b) Globalization can harm unprepared economies by increasing inequalities, causing cultural loss, and making it difficult for them to effectively integrate into the world system.

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