1) What is the seafloor? a) The topmost layer of the atmosphere b) The solid surface at the bottom of the ocean c) The upper layer of the Earth’s crust on land d) The boundary between the mantle and the crust 2) Which process is responsible for the continuous creation of new oceanic crust? a) A. Subduction b) Seafloor Spreading c) C. Continental Drift d) Sedimentation  3) Who proposed the seafloor spreading theory? a) A. Alfred Wegener b) B. Harry Hess c) C. Charles Darwin d) D. Isaac Newton  4) The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are found: a) A. Near the coastlines b) B. At the mid-ocean ridges c) C. Near deep-sea trenches d) D. Beneath the continents 5) What evidence supports seafloor spreading? a) A. Fossils of the same species found on different continents b) B. Similar mountain ranges on different continents c) C. Magnetic stripes on both sides of mid-ocean ridges d) D. Presence of glaciers near the equator 6) Which of the following is the flattest and most featureless part of the ocean floor? a) A. Continental rise b) B. Abyssal plain c) C. Mid-ocean ridge d) D. Seamount 7) What feature connects the continental slope and the abyssal plain? a) A. Mid-ocean ridge b) B. Continental rise c) C. Seamount chain d) D. Ocean trench 8) What is a seamount? a) A. A large, flat underwater plateau b) B. A steep, V-shaped valley c) C. New C. An isolated volcanic mountain rising from the ocean floor was not properly obtained. d) D. A sunken trench filled with sediments 9) What is a guyot? a) A. A flat-topped seamount b) B. A deep trench c) C. A ridge along a fault line d) D. A valley formed by erosion 10) Which of the following correctly lists the order of major seafloor features from the continent toward the deep ocean? a) A. Continental shelf → Continental slope → Continental rise → Abyssal plain → Mid-ocean ridge b) B. Continental slope → Abyssal plain → Mid-ocean ridge → Continental rise → Continental shelf c) C. Abyssal plain → Continental shelf → Mid-ocean ridge → Continental slope → Continental rise d) D. Mid-ocean ridge → Continental rise → Abyssal plain → Continental slope → Continental shelf 11) What specific qualities are researchers required to possess, like any other occupation? a) A. Sandstone b) B. Shale c) C. Limestone d) D. Basalt 12) Which of the following is not a sedimentary (stratified) rock? a) A. Thesis statement, scope, and limitations b) B. Variables, hypotheses, and methodology c) C. Research design, data analysis, and conclusion d) D. Research ethics, plagiarism, and scientific honesty 13) What is stratification in geology? a) A. The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles b) B. The arrangement of sedimentary rocks in layers c) C. The process of magma cooling underground d) D. The folding and faulting of rock layers 14) What usually causes the formation of different layers in sedimentary rocks? a) A. Differences in the composition and size of sediments b) B. Melting of crustal rocks c) C. Cooling of magma at different rates d) D. High pressure and temperature 15) The study of rock layers and their sequence is called: a) A. Mineralogy b) B. Stratigraphy c) C. Petrology d) D. Geophysics 16) What is the meaning of paraphrasing? a) A. Copying the main idea of an article exactly b) B. Briefly restating an idea from an article in your own words c) C. Replacing key words in a paragraph with similar words 17) This type of synthesis presents your own viewpoint on the topic, supported by facts and evidence from reliable sources. a) A. Explanatory Synthesis  b) Integrative Synthesis c) C. Argument Synthesis d) D. Syntactic Synthesis  18) Combining, comparing, and contrasting ideas is a key part of which principle in writing a literature review? a) Abstract b) Paraphrasing c) Rewording d) Synthesis 19) Provide a citation for a book by John Doe, titled "Research Methods Made Easy," published in 2023 by Academic Press. a) A. Doe, J. (2023). Research Methods Made Easy. Academic Press. b) B. Doe, J. (2023). Research Methods Made Easy. Academic Press c) C. (Doe, J., 2023) Research Methods Made Easy, Academic Press d) D. Doe, John. Research Methods Made Easy. Academic Press, 2023 20) What is the main reason for including "citations" in research? a) A. To increase the length of the research paper b) B. To make the research results more complicated. c) C. To acknowledge the contributions of other researchers. d) D. To prevent readers from accessing the original sources 21) In the author/date system of the American Psychological Association (APA) Style, what is the main focus? a) A. Highlighting the title of the publication b) B. Using footnotes for citations c) C. Emphasizing the publisher and location of publication. d) D. Giving importance to the author and publication date 22) Which citation style is most similar to the Author-Date System used in the Chicago Manual of Style? a) Harvard Style b) Turabian Style c) Modern Language  Association Style d) American Psychological Association Style 23) What is the goal of an "Integrative" literature review? a) A. To investigate a broad research question. b) B. To summarize the main points of existing research on a topic. c) C. To combine actual evidence and findings to reduce bias d) D. To combine results from different research methods, like qualitative and quantitative studies 24) Which of the following is an example of a primary source? a) A diary b) A biography c) Commentary 25) What is the excellent source of ideas for research questions? a) A. Published articles b) B. Simple "yes" or "no" questions c) C. Personal opinions and assumptions d) D. Unrelated topics from different fields. 26) Before a set of specific research questions or sub-problems, what should typically precede them? a) A. A conclusion about the research topic b) B. A summary of the study's expected findings c) C. A question expressing the main problem of the research d) D. A list of all the researchers involved in the research process. 27) What is the relationship between research questions and the problem or topic of a study? a) A. They should be entirely separate to ensure objectivity. b) B. They should have a clear and established connection c) C. Research questions should only indirectly relate to the main problem. d) D. The problem should be determined after the research questions are finalized. 28) What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of formulating research questions? a) A. Simple, Meaningful, Applicable, Relevant, Timely b) B. Short, Manageable, Accurate, Reliable, Transparent c) C. Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound d) D. Strategic, Methodical, Achievable, Rational, Transformation 29) Considering the ethical implications and practical significance of research, why is it crucial to clearly articulate the beneficiaries of a study? a) A. To avoid intellectual property disputes among researchers b) B. To ensure the research strictly adheres to a quantitative methodology c) C. To simplify the data collection process by limiting participant involvement d) D. To demonstrate the potential real-world impact and relevance of the research 30) A research study is titled "The Effectiveness of a New Literacy Program for Grade 3 Students in Rural Areas". Which of the following would be the most appropriate primary beneficiary to mention in the research paper? a) A. The Grade 3 students in rural areas b) B. The parents of the Grade 3 students c) C. The school administrators in urban areas d) D. The researchers who designed the program 31) What is the main purpose of identifying your beneficiaries in a research paper? a) A. To list all individuals who helped the researcher b) B. To provide a list of organizations that funded the research c) C. To acknowledge the people who participated in the data collection d) D. To show who will directly or indirectly benefit from the study's findings 32) What method of presenting the beneficiaries considers the positions of the beneficiaries, from the highest position to the lowest position? a) A. according to importance b) B. hierarchical c) C. alphabetical d) D. chronological 33) When developing the "Scope and Delimitation" section of a research paper, what is the most critical element to avoid? a) A. Vague language or overly ambitious claims b) B. An explicit statement of the geographic location c) C. A precise definition of the target population or participants d) D. A clear identification of the specific variables being investigated 34) What is the best approach to addressing a limitation that could significantly impact your research results? a) A. Change your data to work around the limitation. b) B. Keep the limitation a secret to make your research appear better. c) C. Clearly explain the limitation and discuss how it might affect your findings. d) D. Ignore the limitation and only discuss the positive aspects of your research. 35) When defining the scope of your research, what is a key consideration? a) A. Ignoring any difficulties you might have in collecting data b) B. Not mentioning what the study will focus on c) C. Limiting the scope to the most relevant aspects of the research question d) D. Making the scope broad enough to cover every possible factor in the study 36) Why is it important to include the delimitations of your research? a) A. To show any potential biases in your study. b) B. To prove that your research design is perfect c) C. To prevent others from researching the same topic. d) D. To acknowledge the limitations of your study and clarify its boundaries. 37) For the topic "unhealthy food cravings," which of the following is NOT a qualitative research question? a) A. What percentage of the population reports experiencing unhealthy food cravings every day? b) B. What strategies do people use to manage or resist their cravings for unhealthy foods? c) C. How do people describe the situations and emotions that trigger their cravings for unhealthy foods? d) D. What are the experiences of people who have successfully overcome long-term cravings for unhealthy foods? 38) According to research guidelines, what kind of questions should research questions avoid being? a) A. Very specific b) B. Realistic c) C. Measurable d) D. Answerable with a simple "yes" or "no" 39) What is the main purpose of narrowing down a research topic into specific research questions? a) A. To make sure the study covers a very wide range of issues. b) B. To give the research a clear direction and focus. c) C. To make the research process longer and more complicated. d) D. To allow for the investigation of many different, unrelated problems. 40) In research, what is the term for a question about a specific problem or issue that can be answered through investigation? a) A. Research question b) B. Significance of the study c) C. Scope and delimitation d) D. Research Title 41) Which of the following is NOT an example of "relating the topic to a specific context"? a) A. Narrowing the topic to focus on a particular society. b) B. Focusing the topic on a specific time period in history. c) C. Considering which subgroups are involved and whether there are differences among them d) D. Starting with a broad question that expresses the main problem of the research before asking more specific research question 42) A good research background should primarily: a) A. Describe in detail the methods used for data collection. b) B. List past research studies in chronological order. c) C. Focus on the researcher's personal interests in the topic. d) D. Provide context for the study, identify gaps in existing research, and explain why the study is needed. 43) What is the main function of the Rationale section in a research paper? a) A. To describe the specific steps taken to collect data. b) B. To provide a summary of the research results c) C. To explain why the research is important and necessary. d) D. To list all previous studies related to the research topic 44) These individuals are generally valuable sources for generating new research ideas, EXCEPT a) A. Individuals who possess no prior knowledge to the subject matter b) B. Experienced scholars who have identified gaps in existing literature c) C. Practitioners who regularly encounter real-world problems in their field d) D. Community members are directly impacted by the issue under consideration 45) This is also referred to as the justification of the study. a) A. Conclusion sentence b) B. Background of the study c) C. Topic sentence d) D. Rationale 46) What is the best narrowed topic? a) A. Gamified Learning and Student Motivation b) B. Gamified Learning Modules on Student Engagement c) C. Technology's Role in Enhancing Student Engagement d) D. Innovative Teaching Strategies in Secondary Education 47) What guideline in formulating a good title is most clearly violated by the title below? Title: "Research on the Effects of Online Learning." a) A. The title should be brief and avoid any introductory phrases like "Research on". b) B. The title must specify the exact research methodology (e.g., qualitative, quantitative). c) C. The title should include the precise time period during which the study was conducted. d) D. The title should clearly identify the specific independent and dependent variables under investigation. 48) What is a fundamental quality a researcher should remember when crafting a research title? a) A. It must strictly contain no more than ten words to ensure brevity. b) B. It should be a concise summary of the study's primary focus and variables. c) C. It must always pose a direct question to the reader to capture immediate interest. d) D. It needs to include every specific detail and all keywords used within the entire research paper. 49) When starting the process of choosing a research topic, what fundamental advice is often given? a) A. To choose a subject area that truly sparks the researcher's intellectual curiosity and personal interest. b) B. To ensure that the chosen subject can be thoroughly explored given the available time and financial resources. c) C. To select a topic that fills a clear gap in existing academic literature or makes a significant contribution to a current social issue d) D. To prioritize a subject for which there is already a substantial amount of easily accessible data and prior research findings. 50) When beginning to select a research topic, what is an important initial step to consider? a) A. Choosing any topic quickly to get started. b) B. Selecting a topic that genuinely interests you but about which you have little prior knowledge. c) C. Choosing a popular topic that is already widely researched by others d) D. Ensuring that the topic has a large amount of readily available books and articles from the outset. 51) A researcher is studying how a person's early life experiences influence their emotions and social interactions as they mature. What area of study is this researcher primarily focused on? a) A. Social Work b) B. Marketing c) C. Psychology d) D. Technical Communication 52) Researcher aims to identify the factors that affect the performance of area managers in fast-food companies. What field of study is this researcher exploring? a) A. Business b) B. Education c) C. Humanities d) D. Sports 53) This type of qualitative research involves examining or analyzing the content of communication in various forms: a) A. Case study b) B. Phenomenology c) C Historical Analysis d) D Content and Discourse Analysis 54) What is the main strength of qualitative research? a) A. It uses many numbers b) B. It quickly gets answers from many people c) C. It allows researchers to explore topics in deep and rich detail d) D. It provides a comprehensive understanding of complex social phenomena from the participants' viewpoints 55) What type of qualitative research is appropriate for studying the past experiences and societal impact of losing loved ones to the Coronavirus over time? a) A. Phenomenology b) B. Ethnography c) C. Case Study d) D. Historical Analysis 56) A qualitative research approach that involves an in-depth, detailed examination of a single individual, group, or phenomenon over a period is known as : a) A. Phenomenology b) B. Ethnography c) C. Case Study d) D. Historical Analysis 57) Consider an individual deeply interested in historical events. Which activity directly exemplifies a form of research within this area of interest? a) A. Systematically compiling primary source documents from a specific historical period b) B. Regularly attending public lectures/seminars about various historical figures and eras c) C. Engaging in casual debates with people with same interest regarding interpretations of past events d) D. Browsing through numerous historical fiction novels to broaden one's understanding of different cultures 58) Which of these scenarios shows a form of research when a person likes watching movies? a) A. Finding facts about films b) B. Just watching many different movies c) C. Reading reviews about new movie releases d) D. Regularly discussing various movie plots with your friends 59) How does adherence to ethical standards in research writing benefit the research itself? a) A. It guarantees that all findings will be positive. b) B. It ensures the research is always easy and quick to complete. c) C. It allows researchers to fabricate findings without consequence d) D. It contributes to a scientifically honest and ethical research outcome

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