Pitch, The highness or lowness of the voice at a given moment. Created by how fast the vocal cords vibrate. It helps convey meaning, emotion, and emphasis., Range (Pitch Range), The span between a speaker’s lowest and highest pitch. Using a wide range sounds expressive; a narrow one sounds flat. Languages differ in these., Tone, The direction or pattern of pitch change in speech. Common tones: falling (↘), rising (↗), fall-rise (↘↗), rise-fall (↗↘). It helps express attitudes or sentence type., Tone Unit, A chunk of speech with one complete intonation contour. It conveys a single block of information. Usually separated by a small pause or pitch., Onset Syllable, The first stressed syllable in a tone unit. It sets the starting pitch for the intonation pattern. The voice usually moves down from this point., Tonic Syllable, The most important syllable in a tone unit. It carries the main pitch movement (rise / fall / fall-rise). It shows the key meaning or focus of the message., Rhythm, The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in speech. It gives English its regular, stress-timed “beat.” It makes speech sound natural and fluent., Proclaiming Tone, A falling tone (↘) that gives new or final information. Signals certainty or completion of an idea. Common in statements or answers, when adding info, giving opinion and asking for new info., Referring Tone, A level or falling- rising tone (↘/ ↗) that refers to known information. Shows the idea continues or is shared. Used when checking information. Keeps the speaker’s turn open..

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