Speciation, The creation of a new biological species, Convergent evolution, Two different species become more and more similar over a long period of time due to the environment applying the same selection pressures, Divergent evolution, Different selection pressures are applied to isolated populations of a common ancestor and new species evolve, Adaptation, A characteristic that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment, Variation, A range of different phenotypes in a population due to genetic diversity, Selective pressure, A force that favours organisms with genes encoding advantageous traits, Natural selection, The process where environmental pressures gradually change a population so that advantageous traits for that environment are favoured, Artificial selection, The process where humans selectively breed organisms with desirable traits, Mutation, A change in a DNA sequence giving rise to new traits, Gene pool, All the alleles within a population, Gene flow, The movement of alleles between populations due to immigration and emigration, Isolation, In evolution, separation of two groups of an ancestral population by barriers preventing breeding

10 Evolution: Evolution Terminology

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