To change the direction of a conversation, but making a link with what has just been said. - A. I really like your t-shirt. Hasn't Harry got one just like it? B. Yes he has. Talking/speaking of Harry, did he get the job he applied for?, To introduce something you have just thought of, or to completely change the subject. - So let's meet at 5 o'clock then.  By the way / Incidentally, could you possibly lend me some money until the weekend?, To introduce additional surprising or unexpected information. - A. Did you see the match last night? B. No, I didn't. As a matter of fact / Actually / In fact I don't really like football., To introduce the idea that what you said before is less important than what  you are going to say now, or to return to the main topic after a digression. - We didn't go away at the weekend because I had too much work.  In any case / Anyway, the weather was awful, so we didn't miss anything., To introduce a positive point after some negative information, or to qualify what you have just said or to make it less definite. - Yes it was a bad accident. At least nobody was killed, though. Tom's coming to the meeting, or at least he said he was., To return to a previous subject, often after you have been interrupted. - As I was saying, if Mark gets the job we'll have to reorganise the department., To generalise. - On the whole, I think that women make better journalists than men,, To say that you are taking everything into consideration - I like both flats, but all in all I think I prefer the one next to the cathedral., To introduce a strong argument that the other person may not have taken into consideration. - I think we should buy them. After all, we'll never find them anywhere cheaper than this., To add additional information or arguments. - I don't think I'll come to Nick's party.  It will finish very late. Besides, I won't know many people there., To introduce the most important or fundamental point. - Basically, my job involves computer skills and people skills., To introduce a fact that is very clear to see or understand. - Obviously you can't get a real idea of life in Japan  unless you can speak the language., To make things clearer, or give more details. - She's very selfish. I mean, she never thinks about other people at all., To say something again in another way. - A lot of people booed and some people even left early.  In other words, it was a complete disaster., To say what the result would be if something did not happen or if the situation were different. - Please try not to make a mess when you make the cake.  Otherwise I'm going to have to clean the kitchen again., To introduce a new topic or to announce a change of subject. - ....and that's all you need to know about the travel arrangements.  As far as accommodation is concerned, .....As regards / Regarding the accommodation, the options are living with a family  or living in a hall of residence., To introduce an explanation or clarification of a point you have just made. - The government are going to help first-time buyers.  That is to say, they are going to make mortgages  more easily available., To balance contrasting facts or points - "on the other hand" is also used alone to introduce a contrasting fact or point. - On the one hand, more young people today carry knives. On the other hand, the total number of violent crimes has dropped,

Discourse markers - adverbs and adverbial expressions

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