Bottom-up: Students listen to a pair of words and circle if the words are the same or different., Students match a word they hear with its picture., Students listen to a short dialog and fill in the blanks of a transcript., Top-down: Before students listen to an announcement, they are shown the context of an airport and predict what they might hear., Students listen to some utterances and describe the emotional reaction they hear: happy, sad, etc., Students listen to a short story and predict how it will end.,

TEACHING YOUNG LEARNERS - Bottom-up and Top-down listening

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