Hydraulic action - The force of waves hitting a cliff (or sea wall) compresses water and air into cracks and joints., Abrasion - Rock fragments may be picked up by waves and thrown against the rock face of cliffs by subsequent waves., Attrition - Rock fragments which have become detached by hydraulic action and corrasion are worn down into smaller and more rounded pieces. Currents and tidal movements cause the fragments to be swirled around and to grind against each other., Solution - Salts and acids in sea water can react with rocks, slowly dissolving them away., Longshore drift  - Swash pushes material up the beach at an angle due to the prevailing wind,

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