axial filaments: bundles of fibers attached in a spiral, allow spirochetes to move in corkscrew, Lyme disease bacteria, syphilis bacteria, fimbriae: thin, hairlike appendages, allow for better attachment to host, found on causative agent of gonnorhea, if they are absent, no disease results, pili: used to exchange DNA, used during conjugation, a sort of form of reproduction / evolutionary strategy, bacterial cell wall: prevents cell lysis due to increased osmotic pressure, gives some bacteria the ability to cause disease, main component is peptidoglycan, backbone is NAG and NAM, rows linked by polypeptides, side chains linked by peptide cross bridges,

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