The main aim of this unit is to introduce the concepts related to logistics. The simplest definition of logistics is 'the practical arrangements needed for the ____ of ____ from location A to location B.' When an item is produced - a pair of jeans, for example, the ____ (cotton) needs to be grown, harvested and then ____ to a factory to be processed. The cotton may come from one country and the ____ may be done in another, so the cotton has to be ____ and stored in a ____. It is then transported by ____ to a ____ where it is ____ onto a container ship. ____ are a standard size worldwide and reduce ____ and unloading time as the items can remain in the container when they arrive at the dock and be transferred directly ot container ship. The various forms of transport need to be arranged well in advance, and all the ____ required for exporting material from one country to another need to be processed along with ____ to the various transport companies. Safety is a major factor and all the items must be ____ against accidents such as fire, theft and damage whilst being transported. The items must arrive at the right ____ at the right ____ in ____. Between the stages of production, items must be stored in ____. The time they stay in a warehouse needs to be as short as possible to reduce costs. At the final stage, items are ____ to the various retail ____ or ____ to individual customers who order online. At the consumer end of the process, a customer may order a pair of jeans online, in which case the order is processed by computer and a message is sent to the nearest ____. If the jeans are ____, they will be ____ and delivered to the customer, usually within a few days. One of the main objectives of ____ is to make sure that the goods customers want are ____ at the time of ordering and to avoid any ____ in the customer receiving the item. Computer systems check ____ and make sure that new stock is ordered in time. The main forms of transportation are container ____, container ____ and ____ (or goods) trains. ____ are used for smaller ____ that need to be transported quickly over long distances. For smaller items or loads, bicycles, motorbikes or ____ are used. In specialist cases, for emergencies and delivery to ____ areas, helicopters or ____ may be used. Drones are able to deliver to places that are not accessible to larger ____ and are significantly cheaper. ____ vehicles are another form of transport that businesses are developing to ____ costs.

Logistics - explanation, examples cloze (Business Partner B1+ Unit 5)

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