Natural Selection - A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits., Evolution - Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms., Speciation - A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species., Charles Darwin - English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882), Selective breeding - Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms (AKA artificial selection), Beneficial Mutation - any change to the genetic code that results in noticeable physiological changes that are of benefit to the organism, Harmful Mutation - is a mutation that decreases the fitness of the organism., Homologous Structures - Structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same general structure. Supports idea of common ancestor., Analagous Structures - Similar function but different structure - does not show common ancestry - Ex: butterfly wing and bat wing), Vestigial Structures - A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose (ex: whale pelvis bone), Survival of the Fittest - Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection, Adaptation - A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.,

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