PPP Present Practice Production - T presents the language, gives Ls controlled practice, then sets a production task, GD Guided Discovery - T provides examples of target language and guides Ls to work out the rules for themselves, TPR Total Physical Response - T presents language items as instructions, Ls follow instructions. Good for total beginners or very low level as the Ls can enjoy a silent period before being asked to produce, Lexical Approach - a way of teaching that focuses on lexical items or chunks, such as words, multi-word units, collocations and fixed expressions rather than grammar, Grammar Translation - where Ls study grammar & translate words into their own L1; they do not practise communication and there is very little focus on production, TTT Test Teach Test - T asks Ls to do a specific task to see how well they know a specific language item; T then presents/clarifies what they don't know, then sets another task to let them practise, TBL Task-Based Learning - T gives Ls meaningful tasks to do; T then asks Ls to consider the language they need to do the task but the main focus is on the task itself,

CELTA overview of language presentation approaches

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