Philosophy- - an organized system of thought from the Greek word for “Love of wisdom”, School of thought- - A set of ideas, principles, and methods of addressing philosophical questions., Religion- - The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods., Confucianism and Daoism focused on ______ rather than spirituality. - ethics, Ethics- - Conforming to accepted standards of conduct; morals., Confucianism - - The system of political and ethical ideas, from the end of the Zhou dynasty. It was intended to help restore order to a society that was in a state of confusion., Confucius is known as  - The great teacher., The five constant virtues: - 1. Humanness 2. Justice 3. Proper right 4. Knowledge 5. Integrity, Filial Piety - - Virtue of respect and loyalty to elders., 5 Constant Rules: - Parent and child: Parent should be loving, child should be obedient. Husband and Wife: Husband should fulfil their duty, wife should be obedient. Older sibling and younger sibling: elder sibling should be kind, younger sibling should be respectful. Older friend and younger friend: Older friend should be considerate and younger friend should be kind. Ruler and subject: Ruler should be benevolent and the subjects loyal., Daoism- - point of view is different from confucianism. Daoism (Taoism) Based on teachings of Laozi. Symbol - water. -It is the duty of human beings to work hard to improve life here on earth. -Daoists believe that the way to follow the will of heaven is not through action but inaction. Laozi wrote the book; The Way of the Dao. Daoism is a rival of confucianism. -Does not concern itself with the meaning of the universe. -Sets forth proper forms of human behavior. Daoist- Peace and harmony., The best way to act in harmony with the universe order is - not to interfere with the natural order., Shi Huangdi- - After 20 years of fighting, he conquered most of the warring states. Shi Huangdi abolished the feudal states, and created 36 military districts, ruled by appointed officials. (Spies to monitor) He joined the walls that surrounded the feudal states for protection against invasion; built the great wall of China. (Accomplishment) Started by Shi Huandi. After he died, peasants revolted. Swapped to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wudi Improves China., Fact - In an effort to gain and maintain control over the Qin Dynasty led by Shi Huangdi rose to power. Mainly through the use of Legalism., Legalism- - The belief that humans are essentially bad and selfish, a ruler must enforce strict laws and harsh punishments to create order., What is a dynasty, and why was it important in ancient Chinese government? - A dynasty is a ruling family that holds power for an extended period of time. This was important because the system of dynasties allowed rulers to maintain control over the land and its people., Describe the achievements and governance style of the Shang Dynasty. - Some achievements of the Shang Dynasty were walled cities, bronze work, writing, and religious rituals. The Shang Dynasty ruled in a network., What is the Mandate of Heaven, and how did the Zhou Dynasty use it to justify their rule? - The Mandate of Heaven is a belief. This belief held that heaven granted a ruler the right to govern, but only as long as they ruled justly and in the best interest of their people. The Zhou Dynasty used it to justify their rule by explaining that if a king became corrupt or ineffective, they could lose this mandate, allowing another family to rise to power., Explain the dynastic cycle and how it shaped Chinese history. - The dynastic cycle is a recurring pattern where dynasties would rise, flourish, decline, and eventually be replaced. This shaped Chinese history for thousands of years by having slight instability in a consistent structure., What was the Warring States Period, and how did it lead to social unrest? - The Warring States Period was a time of intense conflict among regional states vying for dominance. This period led to political fragmentation, frequent battles, and significant social turmoil., When and where was Confucius born? - Confucius was born in the state of Lu, in modern-day Shandong Province. He was born in around 551 BCE., Describe what China was like during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. - During the Spring and Autumn period China's Zhou Dynasty was gradually splitting up. Later this was transformed into the Warring States period before China was reunified.,

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