Transcription first occurs and this occurs in the nucleus, DNA in the nucleus is ‘unzipped’ to expose the nucleotide bases., RNA nucleotides line up opposite their complementary bases on DNA, forming a mRNA strand, mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, attaching to a Ribosome for translation, tRNA enters the ribosome and its anticodon pairs up with the complementary codon on the mRNA, Each tRNA is also attached to a specific amino acid, A second tRNA with an amino acid pairs up its anticodon against the codon on the mRNA, When two tRNA’s are next to each other, a bond forms between the two amino acids, The first tRNA leaves the ribosome to find another animo acid, mRNA shifts down the Ribosome for another tRNA to attach, Once the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA, translation stops, A polypeptide chain is formed form amino acids (protein).

iGCSE Protein Synthesis

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