Carbon dioxide: Source: The decarboxylation of respiratory substrates during aerobic respiration in mitochondria , Effect if accumulates in body: Cells damaged if blood pH falls below normal range (acidosis), Ammonia: Source: The deamination of excess amino acids in liver cells, Effect if accumulates in body: Increases cytoplasm pH and interferes with metabolic processes (i.e. respiration) and receptors for neurotransmitters in the brain., Urea: Source: The ornithine cycle in liver cells, Effect if accumulates in body: Urea readily diffuses into cells. This decreases their water potential, causing them to absorb water by osmosis and expand until they burst., Uric acid: Source: The breaking down of adenine and guanine (purines) in the liver., Effect if accumulates in body: Uric acid may form crystals in joints, causing gout., Bile pigments: Source: The breaking down of the haem groups of haemoglobin in liver cells., Effect if accumulates in body: Bile pigments accumulate under the skin turning it yellow (jaundice).,

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