Opening, How the extract begins, Focus Shift, How the extract changes, Ending, How the extract comes to a close, Flashbacks, A scene set in an earlier point in time to the main story, Foreshadowing, A warning or indication of future events, 1st person point of view, A story narrated by the main character (eg: using 'I saw...'), 3rd person point of view, A story narrated by an outsider looking in (eg: using 'he' 'she' or 'they'), Chronological order, Events are told in the order they happened, Non-chronological order, Events are not told in time order, Repetition, Ideas or themes are repeated, Juxtaposition, Ideas, colours, concepts, themes that are in contrast, Dialogue, Direct speech of characters, Protagonist, The main character, Characterisation, The creation or construction of a fictional character, Conflict, The struggle or clash between opposing forces within a story, Climax, Tension is at its peak/highest point of action, Rising Action, Series of events that occur after the exposition, Resolution, Main plot point and conflict reaches its conclusion, Inciting Action, Something which triggers the action, Cyclical, The story's ending returns the reader to the beginning, Freytag's Pyramid, Story arc that can be applied to most fiction, Exposition, Start of story where the setting, characters, and initial conflict are introduced, Denoument, Final element where all lose ends & plot points are resolved, In media res, Where the story begins right in the middle of the action, Temporal references, References to time, Setting, Time and place of the story, Withholding information, Intentional holding back details to create intrigue and tension, Intentional paragraphing, Short or long but used for effect, Choppy punctuation, Dashes, semi-colons, colons used intentionally for effect, Flashforward, A jump forward in time.

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