Soft Coastal Defences (eg: beach replenishment, dunes, managed retreat): often supported by environmental groups, visually more appealling, more sustainable long-term, Hard Coastal Defences (eg: groynes, sea walls, gabions, rock armour): immediate, strong protection, often preferred in areas with high property prices, may increase erosion further along the coast, Both Soft and Hard Coastal Defences: can reduce erosion and protect property, need monitoring and maintenance, require funding and planning approval, can change sediment movement and natural habitats,

Coastal Engineering

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