1) Which of the following best describes deductive reasoning? a) Drawing general conclusions from specific examples b) Making assumptions based on a hunch c) Starting with a general statement to reach a specific conclusion d) Observing patterns to guess future outcomes 2) Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?inductive a) All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. b) The sun has risen every day, so it will rise tomorrow. c) If all squares are rectangles, then this shape must be a rectangle. d) If A = B and B = C, then A = C 3) Which reasoning type begins with specific observations and moves to general conclusions? a) Deductive b) Analytical c) Critical d) Inductive 4) All birds have feathers. A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparrow has feathers. This is an example of: a) Inductive reasoning b) Circular reasoning c) Deductive reasoning d) Faulty reasoning 5) Inductive reasoning is stronger when: a) The number of observations is large and varied b) It comes from one example c) It ignores counterexamples d) It relies only on feelings 6) A person who is angry at their boss but yells at their pet instead is using which defense mechanism? a) Denial b) Projection c) Displacement d) Sublimation 7) Refusing to accept reality or facts because they are too painful is called: a) Rationalization b) Denial c) Regression d) Repression 8) What kind of bias is present when someone prefers information that confirms what they already believe? a) Confirmation bias b) Cultural bias c) Selection bias d) Authority bias 9) A company-sponsored study that says its own product is the best is an example of: a) Confirmation bias b) Productive bias c) Self-serving bias d) Conflict of interest bias 10) Which of the following is an opinion? a) Water freezes at 0°C. b) Manila is the capital of the Philippines. c) Summer is the best season of all. d) There are seven continents.

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