Ad Hominem, “You can’t trust her opinion on economics — she didn’t even go to university.”, Straw Man, “He wants to reduce military spending, so he basically wants the country to be defenseless.”, False Dilemma (False Dichotomy), “Either you support this law, or you don’t care about public safety.”, Slippery Slope, “If we allow students to use phones in class, soon no one will study at all.”, Appeal to Authority, “A famous actor says this diet works, so it must be effective.”, Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon), “Everyone agrees this policy is right, so there’s no need to debate it.”, Appeal to Emotion, “If you really loved your family, you would support this decision.”, Hasty Generalization, “I met two rude tourists from that country — people from there are rude.”, Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (False Cause), “I wore my lucky shirt and we won the match, so the shirt caused the victory.”, Red Herring, “Why talk about pollution when unemployment is also a serious problem?”, Circular Reasoning (Begging the Question), “This law is unfair because it’s unjust.”, False Analogy, “Students should be treated like factory workers — both just need discipline to perform.”, Tu Quoque (You Too), “You can’t criticize me for being late — you were late yesterday.”, Appeal to Fear, “If we don’t pass this reform, the economy will completely collapse.”, Loaded Question, “Have you stopped cheating on exams?”, No True Scotsman, “No real environmentalist would question this policy.”, Oversimplification, “Crime exists because people are lazy.”, Appeal to Tradition, “We shouldn’t change the education system — it worked for decades.”, Composition, “All the players are stars, so the team must be unbeatable.”, Division, “This company is rich, so every employee must be well paid.”.

FALLACIES - Examples

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