Reflection, the bouncing of light off an object, Refraction, the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, Total Internal Reflection, light travelling from a denser to a rarer medium strikes the second medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, Conduction, the transfer of heat through a substance by the passing of molecular vibration without any movement., Convection, the transfer of heat through a fluid by circulating currents caused by heat, Radiation, the transfer of heat energy from one place to another in the form of electromagnetic radiation, Potential Difference, the amount of energy converted from electrical to other forms between two points., Resistance, limits the amount of current flowing through a circuit, Omhs law, the current flowing is directly proportional to the potential difference, Joules law, the rate of heat production us proportional to the square of the current, Electric Field, any region of space where a static electric charge experiences a force other than gravity, Wave, a disturbance that propagates through space with the transference of energy, Quality, depends on the number of overtones/harmonics and their relative strength, Pitch, Depends on the frequency of the sound wave, Loudness, depends on the amplitude of the sound wave, Resonance, is the transfer of energy from one body to another that have the same natural frequency, Monochromatic Light, light which is not a mixture of different wavelengths, Diffraction, is the sideways spreading of waves into a region beyond a gap or around an obstacle, Interference, when two or more waves meet the total displacement will be equal to the sum of each waves displacement, Constructive Interference, waves from two sources meet and the amplitude of the resultant wave is greater than the amplitude of the initial waves, Coherent Sources, two sources produce waves in phase or have a constant phase difference between them, Stationary Waves, waves of the same frequency and amplitude moving in opposite directions meet, they interfere with each other and the resulting wave form is stationary, The Doppler Effect, the apparent change of frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer, Overtones, frequencies which are multiples of a given frequency, Dispersion, the spreading of the different colours present in white light, Polaristation, polarised light is light with waves that are vibrating in one plane only, Hookes law, when an object is stretched or compressed by a displacement the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement

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