CPU, executes programs using the fetch-decode-execute cycle, Memory, Memory is the area where the computer stores or accesses data. The closer to the CPU, the quicker it can access the data, Storage, Stores programs and files longterm. (USB, SD Card, Hard Drives), GPU, Graphics processing unit. Renders images to free up CPU for other tasks, Volatile Memory, Only stores information while a program is runnin. RAM, Non-Volatile Memory, Retains data even when computer is off. ROM and storage devices, Types of Memory, Volatile and Non-Volatile (temporary or permanent), Latency, Time for components to respond to a request, Performance, Has to do with CPU speed (cycles per second) measured in Hz, Cache, Small amount of memory that is part of the CPU. It is used to temporarily hold data the CPU is likely to use. , Cache Size, Larger cache, more data stored. CPU checks the cache before the RAM, Clock Speed, Indicates how fast the CPU can run. Measured in MHz or GHz and corresponds to the number of cycles per second, CISC Processor, CISC is Complex Instruction Set Computing - used by laptops and desktops, RISC Processor, RISC is Reduced Instruction Set Computing - used in tablets/smartphones, RISC Properties, Runs at a lower clock speed, uses less power, is cheaper, architecture designed into one chip, CISC Properties, Larger, uses more energy, more silicon chips, architecture built separately with heat sinks. , Core, A processing unit, Core and Speed, Cores communicate through channels so doubling core won't double speed, Bridge, Bridges manage how data and instructions are managed between devices, Benchmarking, Test used to access the performance of a computer, Input Devices, OMR, MICR, Scanner, Sensors, Camera, RFID,Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Touchpad, Game Controller, Microphone, Barcode Scanner, Output Devices, Monitors, Projectors, LCD Screen,Laser Printer, 3D Printer, Speakers, Headphones, Speech synthsizer, GPS.

Chapter 2 Hardware

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