Ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water, Sodium and Chloride ions are actively transported into the medulla, The ions in the medulla decrease the water potential in the medulla, as the loop of Henle climbs there are progressively fewer ions transported in , The walls of the descending lib are permeable to water, water is reabsorbed into the medulla due to the decrease in the water potential in the medulla, as the filtrate flows down the loop of Henle it becomes increasingly more concentrated as water diffuses out, the filtrate at the top of the ascending limb is very dilute due to the transport of ions out of the loop of Henle , Under the influence of ADH the collecting duct becomes selectively permeable to water.

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