1) Which of the following exhibits the most ideal arrangement for exogenic processes? a) erosion - sediments - weathering - transport - deposition b) sediments - erosion - weathering - transport c) sediments - transport - erosion - weathering d) weathering - erosion - transport - deposition 2) a mountain range where rocks break apart and fragments gradually make their way down into a valley. Which process best explains how these sediments are transported from the mountains to the valley floor? a) Erosion - the movement of weathered material by wind, water or ice b) sedimentation - the accumulation of particles in one location c) weathering - the physical or chemical breakdown of rocks d) chemical weathering - the breakdown of minerals through chemical reactions 3) What is produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes? a) heat from the sun b) radiogenic heat c) primordial heat d) outheating 4) While watching a documentary, Marco learns about a region where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. The ground is breaking and forming cracks that fill with magma or lava. What type of fault is likely forming in this region, and why? a) Reverse fault, due to compression b) Strike-slip fault, due to lateral movement c) normal fault, due to vertical motion pulling the plates apart d) thrust fault, due to tension pulling the plates apart 5) What type of plate boundary is responsible for the formation of the Himalayan Mountain Range? a) divergent boundary b) convergent boundary c) transform boundary d) none of the above 6) Moira observes several rock strata in a quarry. He concludes that the bottom layer is the oldest and the top is the youngest. Which dating principle is he using to determine the age of the rock layers? a) absolute dating b) relative dating c) carbon dating d) radiometric dating 7) the geologic timeline is subdivided into different timelines arranged in the division of the geologic timescale from smallest to largest a) era, eon, epoch, period b) epoch, period, era, eon c) eon, era, period, epoch d) eon, period, era, epoch 8) nathan is researching a barangay that is both near the coast and bordered by a river. The hazard map shows the area is overlapping red and blue zones, meaning it is exposed to multiple hazards. Which combination of hazards is this area most likely at risk for during a strong typhoon? a) drought and wildfire b) earthquake and landslide c) storm surge and river flooding d) volcanic eruption and ashfall 9) what specific features and conditions make Earth uniquely habitable compared to other planets you've explored? a) the planet has unlimited energy to harness b) the planet earth revolves around the sun, which is a source of energy c) the planet earth has a thin atmosphere that allows harmful gases to escape d) the planet earth has the right distance from the sun, allowing water to exist in three states 10) imagine you are part of a space exploration team sent to study the four terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. As you observe their surfaces, you notice that one planet has vast oceans, continents, mountains, and thick soil that supports life. Which most likely describe the planet earth? a) a thick layer of hydrogen gas b) cloudy and hot with lots of volcanoes c) cold, rocky, and covered with red dust d) mostly water surface with some areas of land 11) earth can support the survival of organisms. What is/are the factor/s that make Earth habitable? I. Atmosphere II. Energy III. Temperature IV. Nutrient a) I, II, and III b) II, II, and IV c) I only d) I, II, III, and IV 12) One of the important processes on the planet is the formation of weather and climate. Which subsystem performs this function? a) atmosphere b) biosphere c) geosphere d) hydrosphere 13) the atmosphere of the earth is composed of _% nitrogen and _% oxygen and other gases a) 0% and 100% b) 21% and 78% c) 78% and 21% d) 50% and 50% 14) among the choices, which clearly gives an example of the connection between the hydrosphere and geosphere a) fish swimming in water b) boats transporting goods c) water evaporating to make clouds d) waves eroding rocks on the beach 15) which gas dominates the Earth's atmosphere a) CO2 (carbon dioxide) b) He (Helium) c) N (Nitrogen) d) O (oxygen) 16) Rock is composed of one or more naturally occurring chemical compounds called minerals. Which of the following statements describes a mineral definition a) Minerals have a definite chemical composition and an ordered atomic arrangement b) minerals are organic materials from volcanic activity c) minerals are only found under the earth's surface d) minerals can be in the form of liquid and gas 17) today, you might see a person check if what is obtained is real gold rather than pyrite by gently pressing their teeth against it. if the surface shows bite marks, it is considered real gold. which property of a mineral is being tested in this method? a) luster b) hardness c) cleavage d) streak color levels 18) the rock cycle is a web of processes that outlines how rocks from and break down over time. which of the following correctly describes the three main types of rocks and their formation processes? a) igneous rocks form from magma or lava, sedimentary rocks form from deposition and compaction of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure b) igneous rocks form from chemical reactions, sedimentary rocks from volcanic eruptions, and metamorphic rocks from forming melting and cooling c) igneous rocks form from erosion and deposition, sedimentary rocks from cooling magma, and metamorphic rocks from chemical weathering d) igneous rocks form from heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks from magma, and metamorphic rocks from lava 19) hans is researching a barangay that is both near the coast and bordered by a river. the hazard map shows the area is overlapping red and blue zones, meaning it is exposed to multiple hazards. Which combination of hazards is this area most likely at risk for during a strong typhoon? a) drought and wildfire b) earthquake and landslide c) storm surge and river flooding d) volcanic eruption and ashfall 20) maxene, your classmate, is living in a residential area where the local area is already polluted. What eco-friendly activity or initiative can you propose to help address and reduce coastal pollution in their area? a) musical concert b) coastal clean-up drive c) population control d) construction of dikes 21) which of the following best describes an earthquake a) a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves, causing ground shaking b) a sudden eruption of a volcano that produces lava and ash clouds c) a rapid flow of water and debris caused by heavy rainfall in a river valley d) a large mass of rock and soil moving down a slope due to gravity 22) DOST-PHIVOLCS mentioned that alert level 1 prevails over taal volcano, which means that it is still not in normal condition and should not be interpreted as having ceased unrest or threat of eruptive activity. which could be the possible effects if volcanic ash falls on nearby communities? a) improved air quality b) increased seismic activity c) damage to infrastructure and crops d) low atmospheric pressure 23) which factors is most likely to directly trigger a landslide in the affected areas? a) high temperature b) high humidity c) heavy rainfall d) low atmospheric pressure 24) what is the primary purpose of the geological time scale a) to measure the depth of earth's ocean b) to determine the exact age of every rock on earth c) to track changes in earth's climate over the past century d) to divide earth's history into manageable intervals based on major geological and biological events 25) students in a science class examine sedimentary rock layers that contain similar fossils. Their teacher explains that similar fossils have been found in other regions from the same period. Which method helps scientist place this rock layer into the mesozoic era a) radiometric dating of volcanic ahs b) superposition of rock layers c) fossil correlation d) crystal structure analysis

earth sci

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