univariate - data that has only one variable, population - A group of individuals or items that are being studied, sample - a group of individuals or items that are representative of the population from which they are selected, bias - statistical sampling or testing error caused by systematically favoring some outcomes over others., outlier - extreme value, simple random sample - every possible sample has an equal chance of being selected, convenience sampling - respondents are chosen based upon their availability, systematic sampling - participants are taken at regular intervals from a list of the population , stratified sampling - the population is split into groups based on factors relevant to the research, then a random sample from each group is taken in proportion to the size of that group, quota sampling - the population is split into groups based on factors relevant to the research, then convenience sampling from each group is used until a required number of participants are found,

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