Technique Errors → Complications: probes for a vein → nerve injury / severe pain, Needle angle too shallow → collapsed vein, Needle angle too deep → arterial puncture, Anticoagulant tube not inverted → clotted sample, Tube shaken forcefully → haemolysis, uses small needle on large vein → haemolysis, Site cleaned but then touched again → contamination / infection, Tourniquet left on for 90 seconds → haemoconcentration / petechiae, Needle moved around under skin → nerve damage / pain, didn’t allow antiseptic to dry → stinging / poor disinfection, Client Factors → Complications: very anxious → vasovagal / hyperventilation, hasn’t eaten since yesterday → hypoglycaemia / fainting, dehydrated → difficult veins / collapsed vein, reports itchy eyes before procedure → mild allergy risk, wears tight bandages on arm → restricted blood flow / poor draw, has a cold and is coughing heavily → increased infection control risk, Environmental Causes → Complications: Collection area is hot and stuffy → fainting risk, Chair has no arm support → fall risk during vasovagal episode, Sharp container is overfilled → needlestick injury, Bench left uncleaned from previous client → contamination / infection, Collector rushes due to busy waiting area → technique errors / misidentification, Equipment Issues → Complications: Loose tourniquet → poor vein distension / multiple attempts, Expired alcohol swab used → poor skin antisepsis, Needle bevel damaged → painful puncture / haemolysis, Tube with low vacuum → incomplete collection / repeat procedure, Wrong tube for test selected → specimen rejection,

Clinical Risks

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