Narrative perspective, The person telling the story (first person/third person/omniscient narrator)., Setting, Where the narrative is set., Chronological, In time order, Non-chronological, Mixed time order, Shifts in focus, A change from one scene to another. Something different the writer draws the reader’s attention to., Zoom in, Focusing in on a detail., Zoom out, Zooming out from a detail to a wider view (eg. Panoramic)., Tone, Feeling/atmosphere of text. This can change from positive to negative and vice versa., Dialogue, Speech. This can allow us to learn more about the characters who speak., Flashback (Analepsis), Looking at something which happened in the past., Flashforward (Prolepsis), Looking ahead to something which happens after the time period in the text., Cyclical, The narrative returns to something from the beginning., Introduction of new character, A person who appears in the story. If they are named, they are important., Foreshadowing, Hinting at something that will happen later in the story., In medias res, Starting in the middle of the action/story line., Recurring/reiterating idea, Returning to an idea or object that has been mentioned before..

Structural Devices

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