Traditional Consumer Behavior Models. - Based on consumer wants and needs., Contemporary Consumer Behavior Models. - It's focus on rational and deliberate decision-making processes rather than emotions or unconscious desires, Learning Model. - It's driven by the desire to fulfill basic needs (food, shelter, clothing), followed by needs learned from lived experiences, Psychoanalytical Model. - This model suggests that individual consumers are driven by deeply rooted conscious and subconscious desires, Sociological Model. - Explores how societal factors and group influences shape individual purchasing decisions., Economic Model. - Assumes that consumers will make decisions to maximize utility (satisfaction) while minimizing costs (money, time, effort)., Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) Model. - Outlines a five-stage decision process: Awareness,Information Processing, Evaluation, Purchasing Decision, Outcome Analysis., Black Box Model of Consumer Behavior - Focusing on understanding the relationship between external stimuli and consumers’ observable actions, Hawkins Stern Model - Are impulse purchases driven by sudden, powerful urges to buy something immediately, often triggered by external stimuli., Howard Sheth Model - It is a framework for understanding high-involvement purchases, where customers invest significant time and effort in making informed, rational, and systematic decisions., Nicosia Model - Favors the perspective of the business and the effectiveness of its marketing messages., Webster and Wind Model - Explains how companies buy products and services. B2B buying behavior differs from that of individual consumers in multiple ways.,

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