SNMP - widely used protocol for network management, allowing administrators to monitor, configure, and control network devices., Traps - unsolicited messages sent from an SNMP- enabled device to a management station, notifying it of significant events or conditions., Management information base (MIB) - contain information about network devices, such as their status, capacity, and performance, in the form of data objects., (MIB) V2 - extension of the original SNMP protocol, offering enhancements like bulk retrieval capabilities., (MIB) V3 - most secure version of the Simple Network Management Protocol, providing important security enhancements over its predecessors., Community strings - grants access to device’s information. There are two common community strings that are used, Public: which mainly provides read-only access and Private: which generally provides read- write access., Authentication - enhances security through robust authentication mechanisms that verify the identity of the source and destination before allowing access to network data, Flow data - involves capturing and analyzing metadata about network traffic, such as source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and protocol types., Packet capture - the process of intercepting and logging traffic that passes over a digital network. As a diagnostic tool, packet capture helps network administrators to thoroughly examine network traffic to diagnose performance issues and detect malicious activities., Baseline metrics - establish a standard level of normal network performance, including typical traffic volume, performance speeds, and error rates., Anomaly alerting/notification - are designed to automatically detect and report deviations from baseline metrics, signaling potential performance or security issues., Log aggregation - process of collecting, consolidating, and analyzing computer-generated log messages from various sources across the network., Syslog collector - dedicated tool used for gathering log data generated by devices within a network., Security information and event management (SIEM) - provides real-time analysis of security alerts generated by network hardware and applications., Application programming interface (API) integration - are used in network management to allow seamless integration between different software systems., Port mirroring - is a networking functionality that duplicates packets on specified ports or VLANs and forwards them to a specified port for further analysis., Solutions - encompass various tools and techniques used to manage, monitor, and secure the network infrastructure., Network discovery - involves identifying devices, servers, and other hardware components connected to a network., Ad hoc - performed manually on an as- needed basis, providing immediate visibility into the network when specific issues or updates arise., Scheduled - automated and occurs at regular intervals, ensuring consistent and up-to-date network mapping., Traffic analysis - involves examining the data packets flowing through the network to identify usage patterns, bandwidth consumption, and potential bottleneck., Performance monitoring - tracks various metrics such as response times, throughput rates, and error rates to evaluate the health and efficiency of the network., Availability monitoring - ensures that all critical network components are operational and accessible to users. It detects downtime and failures, helping network teams to quickly address issues and minimize service disruptions., Configuration monitoring - involves tracking changes to network device configurations to prevent unauthorized modifications and ensure compliance with security policies.,

3.2 Network monitoring technologies

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