According to the article, the quasi‑experimental design lies between which two research methodologies?, Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, True experimental methods and observational studies, Qualitative research and quantitative research, Descriptive studies and exploratory studies, What is the key feature that distinguishes a true experimental design from a quasi‑experimental design?, Use of a control group, Use of a pretest, Random assignment to at least one control and one experimental/interventional group, Measurement of outcomes after the intervention, Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the quasi‑experimental designs described in the article?, Posttest‑only design with a control group, One‑group pretest‑posttest design, Pretest‑posttest with a control group, Randomized block design, What is the primary reason an investigator might choose a quasi‑experimental design instead of a true experiment?, To ensure the highest possible internal validity, When classic experimental designs are not feasible or ethical, To avoid the need for eligibility criteria, When the study must be conducted in a laboratory setting, As defined in the article, internal validity represents:, The ability to generalize the results to other populations, The level of confidence that a cause‑and‑effect relationship is not influenced by other variables, The consistency of measurements across different researchers, The degree to which the study can be replicated, In the posttest‑only design with a control group, both groups are measured:, Only before the intervention, Only after the intervention, Both before and after the intervention, At multiple time points during the intervention, The article provides an example of a posttest‑only design with a control group involving a hand hygiene intervention. What was one reason this design was chosen?, Random assignment was possible but too expensive, Different institutions had restrictive policies or competing interests, A pretest would have been unethical, The intervention was only theoretical, Which threat to internal validity is described as an external event unrelated to the study that influences the outcome?, Maturation, Regression to the mean, History, Selection bias, The one‑group pretest‑posttest design has a major limitation because:, It does not include any intervention, It cannot measure outcomes after the intervention, Pretest results cannot effectively act as a control group, It requires random assignment, which is often impossible, What is “regression to the mean” as described in the article?, The tendency for extreme initial measurements to move closer to the average in subsequent measurements, The effect of a third variable that distorts the association between independent and dependent variables, The normal changes that occur with the passage of time, The bias introduced when participants are selected based on convenience, In the article’s weight‑loss example using high‑intensity training, what was given as a potential historical event?, Participants aging during the study, A new dietary supplement promoted on social media that participants could take, The measuring scale being inaccurate, Participants dropping out of the study, In the same weight‑loss example, what was given as an example of maturation threatening internal validity?, Participants moving to a different city, High‑intensity training increasing muscle mass and body weight, The study lasting longer than planned, The pretest being too difficult, In the pretest‑posttest design with a control group, what does the article recommend to strengthen causal inference?, Randomizing participants after the pretest, Ensuring that the mean scores of the groups on the pretest are similar (p‑value > .05), Measuring outcomes only once, Removing the control group after the pretest, According to the article, an unmeasured confounding variable is:, A variable that the researcher intentionally manipulates, A third variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, leading to a distorted association, The same as regression to the mean, A variable that is measured only in the control group, In the memory‑game example (older adults from two senior centers), what was a potential threat to internal validity mentioned for the control group?, They did not receive any activity, They might use memory‑enhancing nutritional supplements or other memory‑based games on their own, They were not given a pretest, They were randomly assigned, What does the TREND guideline stand for, as mentioned in the article?, Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs, Testing Randomized and Nonrandomized Experimental Designs, Trial Reporting for Nonrandomized Experimental Data, Transparent Research on Experimental and Natural Designs, The article states that quasi‑experimental studies are often used in real‑world settings and can leverage events such as:, Laboratory experiments, Health outcomes following a hurricane or other natural disasters, Double‑blind placebo trials, Systematic reviews, According to the conclusion, quasi‑experimental designs are a valuable alternative when:, Fully randomized, controlled clinical trials are not feasible or ethical, The research question requires a purely qualitative approach, The study must be conducted in a highly controlled laboratory, The sample size is extremely small.

Week 2

بواسطة
طباعة
تضمين

لوحة الصدارة

النمط البصري

الخيارات

تبديل القالب

)
استعادة الحفظ التلقائي: ؟