1) Managers are often referred to as a) decision makers. b) peace makers. c) conflict creators. d) an unnecessary layer of employees. e) profit suppressors. 2) Examples of non-programmed decisions would include the decision to a) reorder supplies. b) develop a new product or service. c) perform routine maintenance on one of the machines in manufacturing. d) terminate an employee for violation of company rules. e) fill a position. 3) Which of the following means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete? a) Certainty b) Risk c) Uncertainty d) Ambiguity 4) The condition under which ambiguity occurs is when a) alternatives are difficult to define. b) objectives are well defined. c) information about outcomes is readily available. d) all the alternatives are known. e) decisions are already made. 5) During the fallout of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s, finance companies had to make important decisions in a highly ambiguous environment. The decision to buyout failed banks could best be described as what type of decision? a) Bounded b) Programmed c) Conventional d) Wicked decision e) Irrational decision 6) Azri is a manager at 99 Speedmart. He is expected to make rational decisions that are in the organization’s best interests. His decisions should be based on which of the following decision-making models? a) Administrative model b) Garbage can model c) Scientific management model d) Classical model e) Humanistic model 7) Which of the following approaches defines how a decision maker should make decisions and provides guidelines for reaching an ideal outcome for the organization? a) Administrative b) Descriptive c) Normative d) Bounded rationality 8) The growth of AI and big data techniques has expanded the use of which decision-making approach? a) Administrative b) Classical c) Intuitive d) Political e) Bureaucratic 9) The concept that people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on which to base decisions is known as a) satisficing. b) bounded rationality. c) the classical model of decision making. d) the normative approach. e) the scientific approach. 10) Choosing the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria is known as a) bounded rationality. b) creativity. c) decision maximization. d) satisficing. e) the classical model of decision making. 11) Ali doesn’t always realize that within his role as an air traffic controller, he must continuously perceive and process information based on knowledge and experience that he is not consciously aware of. This describes what type of decision making? a) Administrative b) Right-brained c) Satisficing d) Rational e) Intuitive 12) Most managers settle for a satisficing solution rather than a a) minimizing solution. b) maximizing solution. c) bottom-line solution. d) top-line solution. e) simple solution. 13) Which of the following is important because decision making is a continuous, never ending process? a) Diagnosis b) Feedback c) Development d) Recognition e) Implementation 14) Which of the following stages involves the use of managerial, administrative, and persuasive abilities to ensure that the chosen alternative is carried out? a) Diagnosis b) Development of alternatives  c) Evaluation  d) Recognition  e) Implementation 15) The step in the decision-making process in which managers analyze the underlying causal factors associated with the situation is called a) Diagnosis b) Development of alternatives c) selection of desired alternatives. d) Recognition e) Evaluation 16) Which of the following statements is true regarding a normative decision-making model? a) Information is ambiguous and incomplete. b) Managers are often unaware of problems and opportunities that exist in the organization. c) It defines how a decision maker should make decisions. d) It recognizes the human and environmental limitations. e) It describes how a decision maker actually make decisions. 17) Which of the following means that the goal to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable? a) Uncertainty b) Risk c) Ambiguity d) Certainty

Chapter 9

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النمط البصري

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