1) Which of these is a force that is directed down toward the center of the object? a) apparent motion b) gravity c) revolution d) rotation 2) Which statement describes what is happening in the picture? a) Earth's gravity pulls down on Skydivers A and B, and also on the plane b) Earth's gravity is only at work on Skydiver A, because she is closer to the ground. c) Earth's gravity acts on the falling skydivers but not on the plane as it moves forward. d) Earth's gravity pushes up on the skydivers, preventing them from falling too quickly. 3) Elia drops a pencil and a crumpled sheet of paper from one meter above the ground at the same time. They hit the ground together which statement best explains why? a) All objects fall at the same rate. b) Both objects weigh the same amount. c) Objects that are close to the ground always fall together. d) Objects that are close together hit the ground at the same time. 4) What keeps Earth moving around the sun? a) the gravitational force of the sun alone b) the gravitational force of Earth alone c) the gravitational force of the moon and Earth d) the gravitational force of the sun and Earth 5) About how long does it take for Earth to complete one rotation? a) 1 hour b) 24 hours c) 24 days d) 365 days 6) A pencil and a crumpled sheet of paper are dropped from one meter above the ground at the same time. Predict what will happen. a) The pencil will hit the floor before the paper. b) The paper will hit the floor before the pencil. c) The paper and pencil will hit the floor at the same time. d) There is not enough information to draw a valid conclusion. 7) Jake observed the constellation Orion shining in the dark winter sky. He could not see the constellation during summer nights. Which statement explains why Jake sees the constellation in winter but not in the summer? a) Earth revolves around the sun. b) Constellations revolve around Earth. c) Earth is tilted and rotates on its axis. d) Constellations rotate around the sun. 8) A teacher is explaining the force of gravity to a class of fifth-graders. The teacher says, "The force of gravity pulls all objects toward _________. a) the moon b) outer space c) Earth's center d) Earth's surface 9) Which of these is caused by gravitational attraction? a) Earth's tilt on its axis b) Earth's rotation on its axis c) Earth's orbit around the sun d) the direction of Earth's rotation 10) Which of these do we observe because of apparent motion? a) night and day b) sunrise and sunset c) spring turning to summer d) the changing of the moon's phases 11) What keeps the moon in orbit around Earth? a) Earth's gravity b) Earth's rotation c) Earth's revolution d) Earth's magnetic field 12) Gravity is a _____. a) velocity b) speed c) force d) weight 13) Why are most stars only visible at night? a) They are only out at night. b) The sun's brightness blocks their light. c) They are visible, but only on cloudy days. d) Earth rotates too fast in the daytime to see them. 14) About how long does it take for Earth to complete one rotation? a) 1 hour b) 24 hours c) 24 days d) 365 days 15) Jake observed the constellation Orion shining in the dark winter sky. He could not see the constellation during summer nights. Which statement explains why Jake sees the constellation in winter, but not in summer? a) Earth revolves around the sun. b) Constellations revolve around Earth c) Earth is tilted and rotates on its axis. d) Constellations rotate around the sun. 16) What causes Earth's seasons? a) Earth's rotation and gravity. b) Earth's rotation and the tilt of its axis. c) Earth's rotation and revolution around the sun d) Earth's revolution around the sun and the tilt of its axis. 17) When Ami looks up at the sun, it seems like the biggest star in the sky. Why does it look that way to her? a) The sun is bigger than all other stars. b) The sun is brighter than all other stars. c) The sun is much hotter than other stars. d) The sun is closer to Earth than other stars. 18) Which of these do we observe because of apparent motion? a) night and day b) sunrise and sunset c) spring turning to summer d) the changing of the moon's phases 19) In the Northern Hemisphere, which month has the longest hours of daylight. a) December b) June c) March d) September 20) Samantha looked outside in the morning and saw the shadow of a tree in her yard. She walked past the tree around noon on her way to a friend's house, and glanced at the shadow again. She told her friend about the shadows, using her hands to model the shadows' length. How did Samantha model the length of the shadows? a) She spread her hands far apart to show the shadows in the morning and at noon. b) She brought her hands close together to show the shadows in the morning and at noon. c) She spread her hands far apart to show the shadow in morning, and brought her hands close together to show the shadow at noon. d) She brought her hands close together to show the shadow in the morning, and spread her hands far apart to show the shadow at noon. 21) Why do the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere have opposite seasons? a) Earth's revolution around the sun brings certain parts of Earth closer to the sun. b) Earth's rotation around the sun changes the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth. c) Earth's tilt on its axis as it rotates in place causes sunlight to miss certain parts of Earth during different seasons. d) Earth's tilt on its axis as it revolves causes sunlight to strike one hemisphere more or less directly than the other. 22) Which statement about the sun and other stars is TRUE? a) The sun is much larger than other stars, so it blocks our view of other stars during the day. b) The sun is about as bright as other stars, but Earth rotates away from other stars during the day. c) The sun is about as close to Earth as other stars, but the other stars do not produce as much light during the day. d) The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars, so its brightness blocks the light from other stars during the day. 23) Suppose Earth were farther from the sun. What would happen to the gravitational pull between Earth and the sun? a) It would increase. b) It would decrease. c) It would disappear. d) It would stay the same. 24) Kelly can see the constellation Gemini in the winter sky. By summer, it is no longer visible. Which statement explains why? a) Gemini is visible only once in winter each century. b) Constellations are visible in winter but not in summer. c) Constellations rotate away from Earth in summer and return in winter. d) In summer, Earth has revolved away from the spot where Gemini is visible.

Unit 4 Space Systems: Stars and the Solar System

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