In vitro testing: Involves testing a drug in a lab on cells and tissues, First stage of drug development, Issue: Not whole organism, not as accurate, Animal testing: Allows scientists to check how well the drug works on an entire living organism., Second stage pf drug development, Issue: ethical and varying species, Clinical trials/licensing: Occur if all trials prove that the drug works and has no harmful side effects., Small groups of healthy, human volunteers are used, Peer review: Scientific research, tested and validated to ensure any conclusions arising from the research are correct., Third step of development and continuous review, Issue: takes a long time and rigorous human trials,

Developing treatments

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النمط البصري

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