Ad hominem - attempts to invalidate an opponent’s position based on a personal trait or fact about the opponent rather than through logic., Red herring - an attempt to shift focus from the debate at hand by introducing an irrelevant point., Straw man - argues against a hyperbolic, inaccurate version of the opposition rather than their actual argument., Slippery slope - the arguer claims a specific series of events will follow one starting point, typically with no supporting evidence for this chain of events, False dilemma - claims there are only two options in a given situation. Often, these two options are extreme opposites of each other, failing to acknowledge that other, more reasonable, options exist., Bandwagon fallacy - the arguer claims that a certain action is the right thing to do because it’s popular, Appeal to ignorance/Burden of Proof fallacy - a claim that something must be true because it hasn’t been proven false. It can also be a claim that something must be false because it hasn’t been proven true, Circular argument - uses the same statement as both the premise and the conclusion, Appeal to hypocrisy - a rebuttal that responds to one claim with reactive criticism rather than with a response to the claim itself,

Logical Fallacies

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النمط البصري

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