Reconstruction - rebuilding of the South after the Civil War, Ten Percent Plan - Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States, Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) - Federal Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs by giving them education., Andrew Johnson - 17th President of the United States, A Southerner from Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote., Black Codes - Laws (ex-vagrancy law) denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War in response to the 13th Amendment, 13th Amendment (1865) - The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude (working as a slave/servant without volunteering to do it)., Radical Republicans - After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South., 14th Amendment (1868) - A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to African-Americans and all people born or naturalized in the United States. Guaranteed "equal protection" under the law., Fifteenth Amendment - 1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights for African American men regardless of race or previous condition of servitude., Segregation - Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences, Sharecropping - A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which newly freed blacks (Freedmen) entered an agreement with white land owners to lease a portion of their land and in return the white land owner would receive a portion of the sale of the harvest., Poll Tax - A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote. This was a method used to deny African-Americans to vote., Literacy Tests - Method used to deny African-Americans the vote in the South that tested a person's ability to read and write - they were done very unfairly so even though most African-Americans could read and write by the 1950's they still failed., Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan - President Lincoln's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S., Compromise of 1877 - Deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) & Samuel Tilden (Dem.); Hayes was awarded presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of fed. troops from the South--> ended Reconstruction, Discrimination - unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members, Jim Crow Laws - Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery., Loophole - Vague language of a law that could be interpreted in a different way that changes the actual purpose of the law, Johnson's Reconstruction Plan - A plan that was more lenient than Lincoln's b/c it gave pardons to all those who took loyalty oaths. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery before readmittance., Homer Plessy - Bought a train ticket (7/8th white) he sat in the white train car. He wanted to test the constitutionality of the law. Court case stated that states could separate the races as long as there equal facilities making segregation the law of the land unit 1954., Plessy v. Ferguson - a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal, KKK (Ku Klux Klan) - a secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed after the Civil War to resist the emancipation of slaves; used violent terrorist tactics to suppress Black people, "Jim Crow" (character/persona) - Thomas Rice named the character "Jim Crow." Rice darkened his face, acted like a buffoon, and spoke with an exaggerated and distorted imitation of African American English. This was done to portray African-Americans as ignorant, clown-like, lazy, and joyous blacks.,

Reconstruction

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