What is the chain of organisation from smallest to largest, beginning with Cells? - cells - tissue - organs - organ systems - organisms, True or false. Any cells can group together to make tissue? - False. They have to be similar cells., What are the 2 gases involved in the gaseous exchange system? - Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Where in the lungs are gases exchanged? - The alveoli, By what process are the gases exchanged? - Diffusion, What is the definition of diffusion? - The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration., What are the three forms of diffusion? - Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport., What is osmosis? - The movement of water molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration, through a permeable membrane., What is Active Transport? - The movement of particles from a low to a high concentration, moving against the gradient which requires energy., What is the organ labelled B? - The liver, What is the organ labelled J? - The pancreas, What is the organ labelled D? - The Large Intestines, What is the function of organ K?  - The obsorb digestived soluable food molecules and digest any remaining large molecules, What is an enzyme? - A protein structure that catalyses (speeds up) a chemical reaction, What are the 3 Enzymes in the digestive system? - Protease, Amylase and Lipase, Where is Protease found and produced? - Pancreas, Stomach and Small intestine, Where is Amylase found and produced? - Pancreas, mouth and Small intestine, Where is Lipase found and produced? - The small intestine, Which substrate is broken down by the enzyme Protease? - Protein, Which substrate is broken down by the enzyme Lipase? - Lipids (fats), Which substrate is broken down by the enzyme Amylase? - Carbohydrates, What are the Products from the break down of Carbohydrates? - Simple sugars (Glucose), What are the Products from the break down of Lipids? - Fatty acids and Glycogen , What are the Products from the break down of Protein? - Amino Acids, What is it called when the Enzyme and Substrate bind? - The Enzyme-substrate complex, When testing for starch, which solution would you use? What colour would be shown? - Iodine - black, When testing for lipids, which solution would you use? What colour would be shown? - Emulsion or Sudan 3 - cloudy white, When testing for Carbohydrates, which solution would you use? What colour would be shown? - Benedicts - brick red, When testing for protein, which solution would you use? What colour would be shown? - Biuret - purple, What are the 3 blood vessels in the human body? - Artery, Vein and Capillary, What are the features of an artery? - Thick and elastic walls, high blood pressure and small lumen, What are the features of a vein? - Thin walls, low blood pressure, valves and has no pulse., What are the features of a capillary? - Walls are one cell thick, connected to organs and create a network with the arteries and veins., How many Chambers are there in a human heart? - 4, Which part of the heart prevents back flow? - The valves, what are the components that make up the blood? - RBC, WBC, Platelets and Plasma, What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? - The left, What side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the body? - The right, What meant be the term non-communicable disease? - A disease that cannot be transmitted (not infectious), What are some examples of non-communicable disease? - Cancer, CHD, Diabetes, heart failure, etc..., How is cancer formed? - Damaged or mutated cells uncontrollabley replicate themselves., How could a blocked artery be fixed? - Using a stent or statins, How do stents work? - They widen the artery lumen forcing the blockage open and allowing blood flow., How do statins work? - They thin the blood, reducing the risk of further blockages., Which organ is linked to diabetes and why? - The pancreas as it produces insulin or lack of if suffering diabetes., Which plant tissue transports water and minerals? - The Xylem tissue, Which plant tissue transports food substances?  - The phloem tissue, Read and remember the different parts of a leaf.,

Biology GCSE Organisation Revision

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