In the nucleus are 46 chromosomes, each chromosome is made of DNA, Sections of DNA that code for a protein are called genes, The base sequence of a gene is transcribed and leaves the nucleus, In the cytoplasm this transcript threads through a ribosomes, The base sequence on the transcript is read in triplets, each triplet codes for an amino acid that is brought to the ribosome by a transfer molecules, Each amino acid is linked by a bond to form a polymer, The sequence of amino acids determine how that protein will fold up into its shape, If a mutations substitutes the bases, the sequence will be altered as will the protein shape and the protein may no longer work.

protein synthesis

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