Aplastic anemia is a serious toxic effect that occurs particularly after a course of treatment with which of the following antibiotics?, Penicillin, Lincomycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Each of the following is a side effect of prolonged tetracycline hydrochloride therapy EXCEPT?, Suprainfection, Photosensitivity, Vestibular disturbances, Discoloration of newly forming teeth, Gastrointestinal irritation, Colitis that results following clindamycin therapy is caused by an overgrowth of?, Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Which of the following substances is the most effective agent against fungus infections of the mucous membrane?, Nystatin ointment, Undecylenic acid, Polymyxin ointment, Saturated magnesium sulfate, 10 percent aluminum chloride solution, The most desirable property of an antibiotic when used to treat an odontogenic infection is?, Rapid absorption, Little allergenicity, Ability to achieve and maintain adequate concentrations at the site of infection, Lack of significant binding to plasma proteins, Minimal effects on hepatic drug metabolism, Nystatin is of greatest clinical usefulness in treating?, Viral infections, Fungal infections, Spirochetal infections, Bacteroides infections, Penicillin-resistant gram-positive infections, Which of the following drugs chelates with calcium?, Erythromycin, Polymyxin B, Tetracycline, Penicillin G, Chloramphenicol, Which of the following is NOT characteristic of tetracycline antibiotics?, Absorption is impaired when taken with antacids, They predispose to monilial (candidal) superinfection, They form a stable complex with the developing tooth matrix, They have a low tendency for sensitization with a broad spectrum, They are effective substitutes for penicillin prophylaxis against infective endocarditis, If a tooth needs to be extracted, which type of drug would be administered to block pain during the procedure?, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotic, Anesthetic, Antipyretic, In order to get an active bacterial infection under control, which type of drug would be prescribed?, Antibiotic, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anesthetic, Antihistamine, The washing of hands must be performed before putting on and after removing gloves because it?(1) Reduces the number of skin bacteria which multiply and cause irritation(2) Completely eliminates skin bacteria(3) Minimizes transient bacteria which could contaminate hands through small pinholes(4) Allows gloves to slide on easier when hands are moist, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (3), (2) and (4), (4) only, (5) only, Which of the following is necessary for collagen formation?, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Which of the following medications increases a patient’s risk for intraoral candidiasis?, Coumadin, Cyclosporine, Pentobarbital, Ibuprofen, Pilocarpine, One of the physiologic functions of adrenal corticosteroids is to?, Reduce glycemia, Increase salivation, Promote retention of sodium and fluids, Reduce arterial blood pressure, Increase the immune response to infection, The most appropriate immediate management of a hematoma following a posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve block is to?, Incise into the buccal sulcus, Apply firm direct pressure and cold packs, Aspirate with a wide bore needle, Apply hot moist towels immediately over the cheek, Administer intravenous heparin, Which of the following drugs inhibits salivary flow?, Aspirin, Pilocarpine, Atropine, Nystatin, All of the above, A patient suddenly becomes pale and sweaty after an injection of 4 mL of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1?100,000. The radial pulse is slow and steady. Respiration is slow, and blood pressure is 80/60 mmHg. What is the most probable diagnosis?, A toxic reaction to lidocaine, A toxic reaction to epinephrine, An allergic reaction to local anesthetic, Incipient syncope, Impending adrenal insufficiency, Which of the following is NOT an effect of acetaminophen?, Analgesia, Anti-inflammatory effect, Inhibition of central nervous system cyclooxygenase, Antipyretic effect, Reduction of fever via hypothalamic action, In a patient who is allergic to penicillin, the most appropriate antibiotic to treat an infection of endodontic origin is?, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Clindamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Which of the following drug groups can cause xerostomia?(1) Diuretics, (2) Antibiotics, (3) Antidepressants, (4) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (3), (2) and (4), (4) only, All of the above, Which of the following is a known complication of prolonged systemic corticosteroid treatment?, Oral candidiasis, Xerostomia, Aphthous stomatitis, Anorexia, Gingival hyperplasia, Which of the following drugs is(are) used to suppress pain?(1) Benzodiazepines, (2) Barbiturates, (3) Narcotic analgesics, (1) only, (2) only, (3) only, (1) and (3), (2) and (3), Chronic alcoholism will?(1) Cause impairment of liver function(2) Increase tendency to hemorrhage(3) Delay wound healing(4) Decrease the effectiveness of local anesthetics, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (3), (2) and (4), (4) only, All of the above, Which of the following lower(s) body temperature elevated by bacterial pyrogens?(1) Acetaminophen, (2) Bradykinin, (3) Acetylsalicylic acid, (4) Codeine, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (3), (2) and (4), (4) only, All of the above, Local anesthetic combined with a vasoconstrictor like adrenaline provides all of the following advantages EXCEPT?, Improves the anesthetic onset, Improves the anesthetic duration, Reduces surgical field bleeding, Decreases systemic absorption rate of local anesthetics, Decreases the effectiveness of local anesthetics, Use of nitrous oxide analgesia produces tinnitus as a result of?, Increased pressure in the middle ear, Dysphoria, Direct cochlear toxicity, Peripheral action on the eardrum, Central nervous system reaction, In achieving hemostasis, external cold application produces?, Increased vascular permeability, Transient vasoconstriction, Positive chemotaxis, Accelerated bone remodeling, Arteriolar vasodilation, Which of the following drugs induce salivation?(1) Codeine, (2) Atropine, (3) Acetylsalicylic acid, (4) Pilocarpine, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (3), (2) and (4), (4) only, All of the above, Coumadin (warfarin) acts pharmacologically as an?, Muscle relaxant, Anticoagulant, Amnestic agent, Anticonvulsant agent, Analgesic agent, In regard to prostaglandins, which of the following statements is FALSE?, Prostaglandins are a group of lipids synthesized at sites of tissue damage or infection, Prostaglandins function as direct antibacterial agents to eradicate infections, They regulate physiological processes such as inflammation, blood flow, and blood clot formation, They contribute directly to the cardinal signs of acute inflammation, They sensitize nociceptors to pain mediators like bradykinin, Pharmacokinetics deals with drug?(1) Absorption, (2) Distribution, (3) Metabolism, (4) Excretion, (1), (2), and (3), (1) and (4), (2) and (4), (2), (3), and (4), All of the above, Pharmacodynamics deals with all of the following EXCEPT?, Drug efficacy, Drug receptor occupancy and potency, Drug absorption, Drug mechanism of action, Drug-receptor binding dynamics, The following are recognized mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance EXCEPT?, Prevention of interaction of the drug with its target site, Active efflux of antibiotics out of the bacterial cell, Direct enzymatic destruction or modification of the drug, Alteration of cell membrane permeability to restrict drug entry, Innate ability to destroy surrounding microorganisms, For a patient with a history of severe penicillin anaphylaxis requiring infective endocarditis prophylaxis prior to extraction, which of the following is an appropriate regimen?, Amoxicillin 2 g, Azithromycin 500 mg, Ampicillin 2 g, Cephalexin 2 g, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate 875 mg

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