Causes: The volcano is close to a subduction zone, Mount Merapi is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, The volcano is located on a destructive plate margin, There were numerous pyroclastic flows, Repeated eruptions of lava and ash occurred, Gases, up to 800°C in temperature, were measured on the slopes of the volcano, Effects: Over 350,000 people were evacuated from the affected areas, Ash from the eruption fell more than 30 km away, Volcanic bombs were thrown more than 11 km away, A layer of ash, up to 2.5 cm thick covered nearby fields and villages, A cloud of volcanic ash rose 1.5 km into the air, Schools were closed up to 120 km west of the volcano, Many houses were burnt to the ground, Local farmers lost their livelihoods, The price of many vegetables increased, Heavy rain triggered lahars which destroyed communications, At least 200,000 people were made homeless, There was a risk of disease in overcrowded evacuation centres, The ash plume caused major disruption to aircraft flying over Indonesia, Tourists cancelled visits to Indonesia, Responses: ResponsesAn initial 10 km evacuation zone was established, The Indonesian Red Cross and Red Crescent provided meals for displaced people, The Indonesian government raised the alert for the volcano to its maximum, The 10 km evacuation zone was later extended to a 30 km radius, The Indonesian government is helping farmers to replace their livestock, Jobs have been provided in aid work, The Australian government pledged almost $1 million in aid,

Mount Merapi 2010: Causes, Effects, and Responses

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