Jim Crow Laws, statutes enacted to enforce segregation, de facto segregation, segregation by custom and tradition, grandfather clause, an exemption in a law, de jure segregation, segregation by law, "separate but equal", doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legalizing segregation, racism, prejudice or discrimination against one of a particular racial or ethnic group, sit-in, (a group of people) occupy a place as a form of protest., busing, transport (a child of one race) to a school where another race is predominant, in an attempt to promote racial integration., affirmative action, approach used to improve employment or educational opportunities for minorities and women, poll tax, fees required to be paid in order to vote, used primarily by Southern states as a Jim Crow-era tool to disenfranchise African Americans and poor whites., disenfranchise, revocation or denial of the right to vote to a person or group, NAACP, oldest & largest U.S. civil rights organization, dedicated to achieving political, educational, social, and economic equality for Black Americans, SNCC, youth-led civil rights organization formed in 1960, crucial for student involvement in the movement, using nonviolent tactics like sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and voter registration drives to challenge segregation and empower Black communities,, March on Washington, a massive civil rights demonstration where over 250,000 people gathered in D.C. to demand economic justice, voting rights, and an end to segregation, literacy test, discriminatory, often impossible exams used primarily between the 1850s and 1960s to prevent African Americans, immigrants, and poor whites from voting, CORE, organization founded in 1942 that championed racial equality using nonviolent direct action, pioneering tactics like sit-ins, boycotts, and Freedom Rides, Negro Motorist Green Book, guidebook for African American road-trippers, listing hotels, restaurants, service stations, and businesses that welcomed Black patrons during the Jim Crow segregation era, boycott, an agreement by a group of people not to do business with a certain company, as a of economic protest, SCLC, African-American civil rights organization founded in 1957 to coordinate local protests against segregation and disfranchisement in the South., segregation, separating people by race.

Topic 9

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