portolan charts - maps showing ports and coasts, cartographers - people who drew maps, astrolabe - measures ship's latitude, latitude - distance from the equator, compass - used to measure direction, log and line - used to measure speed, logbook - diary used to keep record of trip, caravel - type of ship, clinker built - overlapping planks of wood , rudders - used to steer ship, castle - raised structure to see enemy coming, lateen sails - Triangular sails used to sail into the wind, mutiny - sailors rebelling against captain, firebox - used to cook hot meals on board ship, scurvy - gum disease due to lack of vitamin C, Prince Henry the Navigator - set up school for navigators, Diaz - rounded tip of Africa, da Gama - rounded tip of Africa and sailed to India, King Ferdinand - King of Spain, Nina - one of Columbus' ships, san salvador - Columbus stopped here for repairs, john Cabot - landed in Newfoundland, circumnavigating - sailing around the world, consquistadors - Spanish conquerers, cortes - took over Aztec empire, Pizarro - took over Inca empire, treaty of Tordesillas - imaginary line splitting new world , colonisation - when country takes over another territory, columbian exchange - exchange of foods and animals between Europe and America , tenochtitlan - capture of Aztec empire,

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