1) According to this theory, language began when our ancestors started imitating the natural sounds around them. The first speech was onomatopoeic. 2) This theory, favored by Plato and Pythagoras, maintains that speech arose in response to the essential qualities of objects in the environment. The original sounds people made were supposedly in harmony with the world around them. 3) This theory suggested that language may have developed from sounds associated with love, play, and (especially) song. 4) This theory holds that speech began with interjections. 5) According to this theory, language evolved from the grunts, groans, and snorts evoked by heavy physical labor. 6) It is not an age-appropriate activity for very young children as learning presupposes that learners have a conscious knowledge of the new language and can talk about that knowledge. 7) This happens especially when they acquire their first language. 8) It is the result of direct instruction in the rules of language. 9) It is the mother tongue or native language of a person. 10) It is a language a person learns in order to communicate with the native speaker of that language. 11) ___________linguists examine only overtly observable data, and ignore the "mind" insofar as the latter represented a mentalistic approach that gave credence to unobservable guesses, hunches, and intuition. 12) ________linguist was interested not only in describing language (achieving the level of descriptive adequacy) but also in arriving at an explanatory level of adequacy in the study of language, that is, a "principled basis, independent of any particular language, for the selection of the descriptively adequate grammar of each language. 13) ______ psychologists asserted that meaning, understanding, and knowing were significant data for psychological study. 14) What are the two branches of constructivism? 15) It is a branch of constructivism that give emphasis is placed on the importance of learners constructing their own representation of reality. 16) It is a branch of constructivism which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and cooperative learning in constructing both cognitive and emotional images of reality. 17) The study of the relationship between language and the brain is called ____________. 18) _____ damage to this specific part of the brain was related to extreme difficulty in producing speech. 19) _______damage to this part of the brain was found among patients who had speech comprehension difficulties. 20) _____ it controls the articulatory muscles of the face, jaw, tongue and larynx. 21) _____ it has been used to suggest that the brain activity involved in hearing a word, understanding it, then saying it, would follow a definite pattern. 22) _______ it is a phenomenon in which we feel that some word is just eluding us, that we know the word, but it just won’t come to the surface. 23) Another term for tongue-slips. 24) It is defined as an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms. 25) It is characterized by a substantially reduced amount of speech, distorted articulation and slow, often effortful speech. 26) Someone suffering from this disorder can actually produce very fluent speech which is, however, often difficult to make sense of. 27) Individuals suffering from this disorder sometimes mispronounce words, but typically do not have articulation problems. They are fluent, but may have disrupted rhythm because of pauses and hesitations. 28) _________approach focused on the immediately perceptible aspects of linguistic behavior — the publicly observable responses—and the relationships or associations between those responses and events in the world surrounding them. 29) According to him, learning is a process of practice. A learner must interact with the environment using trial and error until a successful result is obtained. 30) ________ it is derived from the fundamental assertion that language acquisition is innately determined, that we are born with a genetic capacity that predisposes us to a systematic perception of language around us, resulting in the construction of an internalized system of language.

PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING AND ACQUISITION

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