Enlightenment - An intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Known as the Age of Reason. Reached its height in the mid-1700s., Hobbes - a ruler was designed to control citizens, Leviathan, John Locke - government must protect rights (life, liberty, and property), Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau - government is an agreement among free individuals to create a society and order, Social Contract, Montesquieu - separation of power and checks and balances, The Spirit of the Laws, Voltaire - tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech, Beccaria - abolishment of torture pertaining to laws, Mary Wollstonecraft - state of nature women are equal, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Diderot - encyclopedia, Enlightened despots - Absolute monarchs who pursue legal, social, educational reforms inspired by enlightenment, Catherine the Great of Russia - Carried on the work of Peter the Great in legal/social reforms to Westernize Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia - Brought social/legal/educational reforms to Prussia, salons - events where philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and other great intellects met to discuss ideas, baroque - grand, ornate design (Palace of Versailles),

Enlightenment

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