a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime and which is not inherited by offspring - ACQUIRED TRAIT, a version of a gene - ALLELE, structures in a cell nucleus that are made up of many genes; human body cells have 23 pairs - CHROMOSOME, deoxyribonucleic acid, shaped like a double helix - DNA, trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present; observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait - DOMINANT, a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein to result in a specific trait - GENE, one step in the line of descent of a family - GENERATION, the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics - GENETICS, an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations - GENOTYPE, the passing of traits from parent to offspring - HEREDITY, two different alleles - HETEROZYGOUS, two of the same alleles - HOMOZYGOUS, a characteristic passed from parents to their offspring - INHERITED TRAIT, the father of genetics that first worked with different characteristics of pea plants - MENDEL, change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information, possibly causing a protein to be made incorrectly - MUTATION, adenine and thymine and cytosine and guanine...building blocks of DNA - nitrogen base, organelle that is the control center of the cell, it contains the complete genome (all the DNA instructions to make an organism) - NUCLEUS, product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents - OFFSPRING, a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait - PEDIGREE, an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits - PHENOTYPE, process of decoding the instructions in a gene and then following those instructions to a build protein - PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, a diagram used to predict the probability of how traits could be passed from parent to offpring - PUNNETT square, the allele that is only expressed when two copies are present. Not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present. - RECESSIVE, distinguishing characteristics, qualities, or properties of an organism - TRAIT, three nitrogen bases in a row (shown as pairs here) that are the code for one amino acid - TRIPLET,

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