The Strawman - in order to avoid debating the real issue, an opponent misrepresents your argument by creating a counterfeit one that is easier to refute and then they declare themselves the victor., False Cause - Someone will take a relationship between 2 things and try to argue that one of the things caused the other thing, but sometimes this relationship is merely coincidental., Appeal to Emotion - It’s difficult to debate an opponent who uses emotional manipulation instead of valid arguments. Although emotions are powerful, they don’t necessarily lead to logical or correct conclusions., Slippery Slope - Rather than addressing an argument head on, a person using this fallacy shifts the focus to an extreme hypothetical that likely won’t occur, hoping that people’s fear of the hypothetical scares them away from agreeing with you., Ad Hominem - Whether it’s an overt attack against a person, or a more subtle casting of doubt on their character, someone using this fallacy tries to undermine a person’s argument without having to address it., Personal Incredulity - Just because something is difficult to understand, or you’re not sure how it works, does not mean that it’s not true., Special Pleading - People don’t like being wrong, so when it turns out they are, they’ll often invent ways to cling to their old beliefs, including claiming that their position is an exception that is still true., Loaded Question - Don’t get upset by your opponent - these questions “load” a negative proposition within them, which attempts to make you look foolish or guilty no matter how you answer. It’s a trap!, Burden of Proof - When a person runs out of evidence to support their argument, they may try to explain that a lack of proof only shows that their claim cannot be disproven.,

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