A simple cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples include bacteria. - Prokaryotic Cell, A more complex cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include plant and animal cells. - Eukaryotic Cell, Organelle - A specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific function (like the nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplast), Biomolecules - Large molecules made by living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, that are essential for life., The parts that make up a cell, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles, which work together to keep the cell alive and functioning. - Cell Structure, A nonliving particle made of genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat that can infect living cells to reproduce. - Virus, Capsid - The protein shell that surrounds and protects a virus’s genetic material, Nucleic acid - The genetic material of a virus or cell (DNA or RNA) that carries the instructions for life, A membrane-like layer that surrounds some viruses, made from parts of the host cell’s membrane, helping the virus enter new cells - Envelope, Glycoprotein - A protein with attached sugar molecules found on the surface of cells or viruses that helps them recognize and attach to other cells., a protein found on the outside of a virus or cell that helps it attach to and interact with other cells (like a key) - surface protein, Ribosomes - an organelle in a cell responsible for producing proteins by reading the cell's genetic material, Nucleus - Control center of the cell; houses the cell's genetic material in eukaryotic cells, lipids - fats and oils that store long term energy and make up cell membranes, carbohydrates - sugars and starches that provide quick energy and sometimes store energy, proteins - molecules that build structures in the body and carry out most cellular functions; found in meats, eggs, and dairy products, organelle that breaks down food to release energy for the cell; the powerhouse of the cell - mitochondria, organelles in plant cells that capture sunlight and use it to make glucose (food) through photosynthesis - chloroplasts, cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid inside of cells where organelles are found and many cell processes happen, lysosomes - an organelle in a cell that helps break down and recycle waste, old cell parts, and foreign materials using digestive enzymes,

Unit 5 Cell Structure

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