The skeleton is split into two sections, this section contains the skull, spine and rib cage - Axial Skeleton, This section of the skeleton contains the hips, shoulders, legs and arms - Appendicular skeleton, This type of bone's function is used for movement, mineral storage and blood production - Long bone, This type of bone provides stability and small movements - Short Bone, Each bone is a different shape they can provide protection, muscle attachments and blood production  - Irregular Bone, This type of bone develops within tendon to strengthen the structure - Sesamoid Bone, This type of bone is thin with a large surface area and provides protection and blood production - Flat Bone, Give an example of a flat bone - Cranium, ribs, sternum, Give an example of long bone - Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, Give an example of short bone - Carpals and Tarsals, Give an example of irregular bone - Vertebrae, Scapula, Give an example of a sesamoid bone  - Patella, The cells found within cartilage - Chondrocytes, The protein Chondrocytes secrete which gives the cartilage its structure - Chrondin, The functions of the cartilage are - protect the end of bone, decrease friction in the joint, The functions of ligaments are to - provide stability to the joint, provide a solid structure, restrict movements to prevent dislocation , The structure of ligaments are - dense fibrous tissue containing collagen fibres with some elastic fibres, Locations of cartilage - Ends of bones, ears, nose and windpipe, Ligaments join ______ to _______ - bone to bone, What is the function of Fibrous joints - FIXES the joint providing solid structure for protection, An example of a fixed joint - bones of the cranium , sacrum or coccyx , Structure of a fibrous joint - the bones are connected by fibrous tissue, fixing the bones in position, What is the function of the cartilaginous joint - It allows small movements, an example of the cartilaganous joint - spine, ribs, structure of a cartilaginous joint - The bones are connected by cartilage, An example of synovial joint - wrists, elbows, knees, shoulders hips, ankles, knuckles , The structure of a synovial joint - It contains ligaments, cartilage, a fibrous capsule and synovial fluid, What is the funciton of synovial fluid - To lubricate the joint and separate the cartilages, What is the function of fibrous capsule in the synovial joint - it contains the content of the joint (synovial fluid), What are these 2 movements and provide a joint where this occurs - flexion and extension, - elbow, knee ,shoulder, hip, wrists, spine, What are these 2 movements, and provide a joint where this occurs - abduction and adduction, shoulder and hips, What would you call this movement and in which joints does it occur - circumduction, Hips and shoulders, This joint movement involves two bones sliding over one another, in which joints can it occur? - gliding, it occurs in carpals, tarsals and the sterno-clavicle joint, What are the functions of the skeleton BPASS stand for - Blood production, Protection, Attachment of muscle, Structure/support,Storage of minerals, Which 2 minerals do bones store - Calcium and Phosphate, Which blood cells does red marrow produce - Erythrocytes (red) , and 2 leukocytes (white) they are Granulocytes and monocytes, Which white blood cells are not made by bone marrow - lymphocytes, What attaches muscle to bone - tendon, What does bone protect? - Vital organs/softer tissues, What are the osteocytes called which create and reabsorb bone - Osteoblasts (build bone) Osteoclast (reabsorb or clear bone), explain how calcium deficiency/depletion can affect bone density (4) - 1.Without calcium, osteoblasts can not continue to form new bone. 2 - Osteoclasts continue to reabsorb bone. 3 - the density of bone begins to decrease 4 - this leads to weaker bones with a higher chance of fracture, How does exercise affect the density of bone (4) - 1- The stress on bone causes the bone to increase storage of calcium. 2 - The osteoblasts use the calcium to form new bone structures, 3, the density of the bone increases 4 - this provides a stronger structure ,

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