1) Every country has passed through this stage of the DTM. The most traditional societies or pre-industrial societies experience high birth rates and high death rates. Infant mortality rate is high and life expectancy is low. This near equilibrium in CBR and CDR results in little to no population growth and these societies tend to have an overall low population. a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) Stage 5 2) In 2013, Afghanistan had one of the higher rates of natural increase in the world at 2.7%. The country has experienced decades of war both internally and externally, and this has had significant impacts on the overall health and infrastructure. Afghanistan has a very high illiteracy rate and limited educational opportunities for women, which both result in high birth rates. However, the crude death rate has been decreasing over time. In 2004 the CDR was 20/1000, in 2013 it was 8/1000 although in 2020 it is 12.7/1000. In order for Afghanistan to move into the next stage of the DTM, birth rates should be curbed and death rates should remain low. a) Stage 4 b) Stage 1 c) Stage 5 d) Stage 2 3) Morocco has significantly decreased the total fertility rate since the country gained its independence from France in 1956. In the 1970s, TFR began decreasing from it’s peak at 7.4 down to 3.7 in 1990, 2.7 in 2013 and now it is at 2.3. This is a result of more access and education about contraception and the increased cultural status of women in the county. However, women have still not achieved parity with men in literacy. 64.6% of women are literate, while 83.3% of men are literate in Morocco.Life expectancy has also increased as the country has shifted from a rural to urban society. Life expectancy has increased almost 20 years since 1980 in Morocco and the crude death rate is low. a) Stage 5 b) Stage 3 c) Stage 2 d) Stage 1 4) Argentina has consistently had a strong economy through the process of industrialization, technological and medical advancements and an early migration from rural to urban areas of the country. Due to the limited space within cities, smaller families become typical. Additionally, Argentina codified gender equality EARLY - since 1869 women in Argentina have been legally protected against discrimination. Today, Argentina’s rate of natural increase is 1.1%, which is below replacement level. Although we would expect no population growth in Argentina due to a lower than replacement level NIR, births still outpace deaths. This indicates that there will still be small increases in the population. a) Stage 1 b) Stage 3 c) Stage 2 d) Stage 4 5) This country has a rate of natural increase below replacement level and the birth rates are lower than the death rates. A strong economy, gender equality, advanced medical care and easy access and low cost of contraceptives contribute to the low birth rate. The natural increase rate is -0.2%. The only reason that the population continues to increase is due to a large number of migrants that immigrate there. a) Stage 3 b) Stage 1 c) Stage 4 d) Stage 5

DTM Country Profile (Pavely)

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